Why Do Electronics Die?

Techquickie ·Techquickie ·2017-05-06 · 947 words · ~4 min read
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0:00 we've gotten used to the idea of most things having a lifespan whether it's
0:04 your own body that discount pack of chicken legs or that zesty New Meme that
0:09 will be dead all over again within a matter of weeks and your electronics are
0:14 no exception to this even keyboard key switches rated for 10 million presses or
0:20 military class motherboards won't last
0:23 forever but why I mean especially with
0:26 so many modern Electronics not having any moving Parts why can't they last
0:32 indefinitely just like how people can die from anything from lupus to a
0:37 Godzilla attack to a bad ham sandwich
0:40 Electronics have many points of failure that can lead to their untimely demise
0:46 let's start with a common one capacitor failure capacitors are those little
0:51 cylindrical things that look like water towers sticking out of your PCB City and
0:56 since their job is to store and release electric electricity which you can learn
1:01 more about up here they contain electrolytes that conduct current and
1:06 although many capacitors can last for decades without any problems some
1:12 especially cheaper ones and especially
1:15 ones that use Liquid electrolytic chemicals instead of solid ones can leak
1:20 or burst over time as happened during the infamous capacitor plague of the
1:26 early 2000s and while it didn't wipe out a third of of Europe's population it did
1:31 result in the untimely failure of thousands and thousands of devices but
1:38 even if your PCB city is functioning correctly heat can ultimately be the
1:43 undoing of your fancy gadgets you see
1:46 when temperatures fluctuate materials tend to expand and contract think about
1:51 how sidewalks crack when the weather changes certain things on a circuit
1:55 board can act similarly especially the soldering points which are crucial for
2:01 keeping everything physically connected
2:04 over time many cycles of heating up and cooling down as your electronics turn on
2:09 and turn off or go from idle to load can
2:13 cause these connections to weaken increasing resistance or break outright
2:19 heat can also result in nasty consequences on a microscopic level it
2:25 can cause silicon atoms in your GPU or CPU to actually relocate over time and
2:31 it also accelerates a naturally occurring phenomenon known as
2:36 electromigration that happens in the nanoscale copper traces that are found
2:40 on your processors you see I'm about to
2:43 blow your mind even though we often think of electricity as a form of energy
2:48 moving somehow through wires current is
2:51 actually the physical flow of electrons
2:54 that means that even though they're subatomic they still do have mass they
2:59 they don't visibly spin like a fan but even a wire has tiny moving parts that
3:07 means that over time they can displace or damage the copper or other metal that
3:11 they spread through resulting in cracks or voids that can inhibit performance or
3:16 even break a processor completely and although Electronics don't often die
3:21 this way as they become smaller and smaller mitigating electromigration has
3:26 become an increasingly important area of research now to be fair these problems
3:31 don't usually surface before you'd want to replace your device anyway but
3:35 misbehaving electrons can cause more pressing problems they have a tendency
3:39 to accumulate in certain materials and script the voltages they need to operate
3:45 this is why ssds not only don't have an infinite lifespan but they essentially
3:49 have a countdown timer on them electrons build up in the transistors inside them
3:54 that are used to store data so after enough read write Cycles enough
3:58 electrons get stuck in these transistors to decrease the required voltage to the
4:03 point where the data becomes stuck and
4:07 you can no longer right to that part of the drive now of course for the average
4:12 user things like corrosion factory defects mechanical wear on Parts like
4:16 USB ports and hard drives or user error
4:19 are much more likely to bring down your system than electron
4:23 Shenanigans but there's also planned
4:26 obsolescence where companies intentionally design products to fail
4:31 shortly after the warranty expires or they issue software updates that make
4:35 them less useful over time forcing us to
4:38 go buy new ones but our corporate overlords wouldn't do that mean stuff to
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5:37 it dislike it let me know in the comments down below if there's other stuff you'd like us to cover check out
5:41 Channel Super Fun CU they do super cool things there but as for me I think my
5:45 capacitor has expired so I'm going to go get some uh maintenance done at the
5:49 local electronics shop