{"video_id":"a2Y79QR-yKQ","title":"Why Do Electronics Die?","channel":"Techquickie","show":"Techquickie","published_at":"2017-05-06T14:58:16Z","duration_s":354,"segments":[{"start_s":0.24,"end_s":6.96,"text":"we've gotten used to the idea of most things having a lifespan whether it's","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":4.4,"end_s":12.08,"text":"your own body that discount pack of chicken legs or that zesty New Meme that","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":9.92,"end_s":17.4,"text":"will be dead all over again within a matter of weeks and your electronics are","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":14.92,"end_s":23.32,"text":"no exception to this even keyboard key switches rated for 10 million presses or","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":20.199,"end_s":26.72,"text":"military class motherboards won't last","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":23.32,"end_s":29.519,"text":"forever but why I mean especially with","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":26.72,"end_s":34.879,"text":"so many modern Electronics not having any moving Parts why can't they last","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":32.559,"end_s":40.76,"text":"indefinitely just like how people can die from anything from lupus to a","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":37.48,"end_s":43.52,"text":"Godzilla attack to a bad ham sandwich","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":40.76,"end_s":48.84,"text":"Electronics have many points of failure that can lead to their untimely demise","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":46.32,"end_s":53.68,"text":"let's start with a common one capacitor failure capacitors are those little","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":51.199,"end_s":59.44,"text":"cylindrical things that look like water towers sticking out of your PCB City and","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":56.92,"end_s":64.239,"text":"since their job is to store and release electric electricity which you can learn","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":61.64,"end_s":69.04,"text":"more about up here they contain electrolytes that conduct current and","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":66.72,"end_s":75.64,"text":"although many capacitors can last for decades without any problems some","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":72.439,"end_s":77.88,"text":"especially cheaper ones and especially","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":75.64,"end_s":83.6,"text":"ones that use Liquid electrolytic chemicals instead of solid ones can leak","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":80.88,"end_s":89.24,"text":"or burst over time as happened during the infamous capacitor plague of the","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":86.4,"end_s":94.64,"text":"early 2000s and while it didn't wipe out a third of of Europe's population it did","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":91.84,"end_s":100.759,"text":"result in the untimely failure of thousands and thousands of devices but","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":98.32,"end_s":106.04,"text":"even if your PCB city is functioning correctly heat can ultimately be the","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":103.04,"end_s":107.92,"text":"undoing of your fancy gadgets you see","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":106.04,"end_s":113.56,"text":"when temperatures fluctuate materials tend to expand and contract think about","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":111.64,"end_s":118.52,"text":"how sidewalks crack when the weather changes certain things on a circuit","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":115.68,"end_s":124.28,"text":"board can act similarly especially the soldering points which are crucial for","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":121.24,"end_s":126.92,"text":"keeping everything physically connected","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":124.28,"end_s":133.319,"text":"over time many cycles of heating up and cooling down as your electronics turn on","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":129.399,"end_s":135.92,"text":"and turn off or go from idle to load can","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":133.319,"end_s":141.879,"text":"cause these connections to weaken increasing resistance or break outright","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":139.48,"end_s":147.519,"text":"heat can also result in nasty consequences on a microscopic level it","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":145.16,"end_s":153.2,"text":"can cause silicon atoms in your GPU or CPU to actually relocate over time and","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":151.44,"end_s":157.92,"text":"it also accelerates a naturally occurring phenomenon known as","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":156.0,"end_s":163.319,"text":"electromigration that happens in the nanoscale copper traces that are found","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":160.319,"end_s":165.64,"text":"on your processors you see I'm about to","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":163.319,"end_s":171.959,"text":"blow your mind even though we often think of electricity as a form of energy","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":168.159,"end_s":174.959,"text":"moving somehow through wires current is","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":171.959,"end_s":176.56,"text":"actually the physical flow of electrons","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":174.959,"end_s":182.519,"text":"that means that even though they're subatomic they still do have mass they","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":179.84,"end_s":189.519,"text":"they don't visibly spin like a fan but even a wire has tiny moving parts that","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":187.159,"end_s":193.959,"text":"means that over time they can displace or damage the copper or other metal that","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":191.76,"end_s":199.159,"text":"they spread through resulting in cracks or voids that can inhibit performance or","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":196.4,"end_s":203.48,"text":"even break a processor completely and although Electronics don't often die","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":201.36,"end_s":208.68,"text":"this way as they become smaller and smaller mitigating electromigration has","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":206.44,"end_s":212.879,"text":"become an increasingly important area of research now to be fair these problems","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":211.08,"end_s":217.4,"text":"don't usually surface before you'd want to replace your device anyway but","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":215.56,"end_s":222.12,"text":"misbehaving electrons can cause more pressing problems they have a tendency","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":219.799,"end_s":227.48,"text":"to accumulate in certain materials and script the voltages they need to operate","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":225.159,"end_s":232.2,"text":"this is why ssds not only don't have an infinite lifespan but they essentially","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":229.72,"end_s":236.799,"text":"have a countdown timer on them electrons build up in the transistors inside them","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":234.439,"end_s":241.04,"text":"that are used to store data so after enough read write Cycles enough","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":238.599,"end_s":247.159,"text":"electrons get stuck in these transistors to decrease the required voltage to the","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":243.959,"end_s":249.36,"text":"point where the data becomes stuck and","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":247.159,"end_s":254.36,"text":"you can no longer right to that part of the drive now of course for the average","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":252.4,"end_s":259.72,"text":"user things like corrosion factory defects mechanical wear on Parts like","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":256.359,"end_s":261.519,"text":"USB ports and hard drives or user error","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":259.72,"end_s":266.88,"text":"are much more likely to bring down your system than electron","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":263.8,"end_s":268.639,"text":"Shenanigans but there's also planned","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":266.88,"end_s":273.44,"text":"obsolescence where companies intentionally design products to fail","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":271.12,"end_s":278.479,"text":"shortly after the warranty expires or they issue software updates that make","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":275.36,"end_s":281.44,"text":"them less useful over time forcing us to","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":278.479,"end_s":288.12,"text":"go buy new ones but our corporate overlords wouldn't do that mean stuff to","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":284.52,"end_s":289.96,"text":"us right speaking of non-mean stuff","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":288.12,"end_s":293.68,"text":"there's TunnelBear VPN which lets you tunnel to up to 20 different countries","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":292.199,"end_s":298.56,"text":"allowing you to browse the internet and use online services as if you're in that","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":296.16,"end_s":303.4,"text":"different country they have easy to use apps for iOS and PC and mac and they","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":301.12,"end_s":307.16,"text":"also have a Chrome extension just choose a country in the app turn tunnel bear on","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":305.52,"end_s":312.12,"text":"and watch as your bare tunnels your internet connection to your new location","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":310.039,"end_s":317.28,"text":"your connection gets encrypted with AES 256bit encryption and your public IP","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":315.08,"end_s":321.96,"text":"address gets switched so you show up as if you're in that country they also have","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":319.28,"end_s":327.0,"text":"a top rated privacy policy and do not log user activity you can try out tunnel","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":324.639,"end_s":331.16,"text":"bear VPN with 500 megabytes of free data and no credit card required and if you","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":329.08,"end_s":336.0,"text":"do choose to get a year of unlimited data you can save 10% by going to Tunnel","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":333.4,"end_s":338.6,"text":"bear.com Linus thanks for watching guys if you liked it liked it if you dislike","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":337.52,"end_s":343.36,"text":"it dislike it let me know in the comments down below if there's other stuff you'd like us to cover check out","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":341.44,"end_s":347.8,"text":"Channel Super Fun CU they do super cool things there but as for me I think my","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":345.8,"end_s":353.84,"text":"capacitor has expired so I'm going to go get some uh maintenance done at the","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":349.68,"end_s":353.84,"text":"local electronics shop","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0}],"full_text":"we've gotten used to the idea of most things having a lifespan whether it's your own body that discount pack of chicken legs or that zesty New Meme that will be dead all over again within a matter of weeks and your electronics are no exception to this even keyboard key switches rated for 10 million presses or military class motherboards won't last forever but why I mean especially with so many modern Electronics not having any moving Parts why can't they last indefinitely just like how people can die from anything from lupus to a Godzilla attack to a bad ham sandwich Electronics have many points of failure that can lead to their untimely demise let's start with a common one capacitor failure capacitors are those little cylindrical things that look like water towers sticking out of your PCB City and since their job is to store and release electric electricity which you can learn more about up here they contain electrolytes that conduct current and although many capacitors can last for decades without any problems some especially cheaper ones and especially ones that use Liquid electrolytic chemicals instead of solid ones can leak or burst over time as happened during the infamous capacitor plague of the early 2000s and while it didn't wipe out a third of of Europe's population it did result in the untimely failure of thousands and thousands of devices but even if your PCB city is functioning correctly heat can ultimately be the undoing of your fancy gadgets you see when temperatures fluctuate materials tend to expand and contract think about how sidewalks crack when the weather changes certain things on a circuit board can act similarly especially the soldering points which are crucial for keeping everything physically connected over time many cycles of heating up and cooling down as your electronics turn on and turn off or go from idle to load can cause these connections to weaken increasing resistance or break outright heat can also result in nasty consequences on a microscopic level it can cause silicon atoms in your GPU or CPU to actually relocate over time and it also accelerates a naturally occurring phenomenon known as electromigration that happens in the nanoscale copper traces that are found on your processors you see I'm about to blow your mind even though we often think of electricity as a form of energy moving somehow through wires current is actually the physical flow of electrons that means that even though they're subatomic they still do have mass they they don't visibly spin like a fan but even a wire has tiny moving parts that means that over time they can displace or damage the copper or other metal that they spread through resulting in cracks or voids that can inhibit performance or even break a processor completely and although Electronics don't often die this way as they become smaller and smaller mitigating electromigration has become an increasingly important area of research now to be fair these problems don't usually surface before you'd want to replace your device anyway but misbehaving electrons can cause more pressing problems they have a tendency to accumulate in certain materials and script the voltages they need to operate this is why ssds not only don't have an infinite lifespan but they essentially have a countdown timer on them electrons build up in the transistors inside them that are used to store data so after enough read write Cycles enough electrons get stuck in these transistors to decrease the required voltage to the point where the data becomes stuck and you can no longer right to that part of the drive now of course for the average user things like corrosion factory defects mechanical wear on Parts like USB ports and hard drives or user error are much more likely to bring down your system than electron Shenanigans but there's also planned obsolescence where companies intentionally design products to fail shortly after the warranty expires or they issue software updates that make them less useful over time forcing us to go buy new ones but our corporate overlords wouldn't do that mean stuff to us right speaking of non-mean stuff there's TunnelBear VPN which lets you tunnel to up to 20 different countries allowing you to browse the internet and use online services as if you're in that different country they have easy to use apps for iOS and PC and mac and they also have a Chrome extension just choose a country in the app turn tunnel bear on and watch as your bare tunnels your internet connection to your new location your connection gets encrypted with AES 256bit encryption and your public IP address gets switched so you show up as if you're in that country they also have a top rated privacy policy and do not log user activity you can try out tunnel bear VPN with 500 megabytes of free data and no credit card required and if you do choose to get a year of unlimited data you can save 10% by going to Tunnel bear.com Linus thanks for watching guys if you liked it liked it if you dislike it dislike it let me know in the comments down below if there's other stuff you'd like us to cover check out Channel Super Fun CU they do super cool things there but as for me I think my capacitor has expired so I'm going to go get some uh maintenance done at the local electronics shop"}