Processor Manufacturing Processes or "Die Shrinks" as Fast As Possible

Techquickie ·Techquickie ·2015-05-07 · 805 words · ~4 min read
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0:00 Is it not amazing to you that a decade ago when the Pentium 4 processor Extreme
0:04 Edition 3.46 GHz first launched, it
0:07 debuted at around $1,000 with the rest of the top tier products falling around
0:11 $600,400 and $275. And that now in 2014,
0:15 pricing is still very similar. Perhaps not on the surface, but consider this.
0:20 In the last 10 years, average gas prices in the US have gone from under $2 per
0:24 gallon to around $3.50 50 cents per gallon with general inflation in the 20
0:29 to 25% range. How is it then that as the
0:32 requisite tools and microprocessor manufacturing facilities, also known as
0:37 fabs, continue to increase in cost, the processors we use in our devices, be
0:42 they laptops, tablets, phones, or even 100 other things you wouldn't think of,
0:46 perform better, consume less power, and are available at when we adjust for
0:50 inflation, the same or lower prices year after year. I mean, they're still
0:56 basically layered metal circuits on a pure silicone wafer that's had
0:59 transistors formed in it. So, it's simple, right? Actually, no. Even though
1:03 many of the raw materials being used are similar, the actual device fabrication
1:08 process has changed dramatically. Every
1:11 2 years or so, truly, it's almost like clockwork. Intel has debuted a new way
1:16 to test the laws of physics and begin mass production of processors running
1:20 smaller and smaller transistors. Every time they shrink things down another
1:25 notch, we say they've moved to a new process node. When this happens, there
1:29 are a couple of things that usually occur. Transistors switch faster. This
1:33 translates to potentially higher clock speeds and performance. Less current is
1:37 required for transistor switching, which translates into reduced power
1:40 consumption. And the physical area taken
1:44 up per transistor goes down significantly, allowing either what is
1:48 fundamentally the same processor to be manufactured with less raw material and
1:52 be therefore lower cost or a better
1:56 processor to be manufactured with the same raw material at a similar cost. So
2:01 that's all the fuss being made right now about Intel's CoreM processor code name
2:06 Broadwell Y. the first CPU to be produced using Intel's latest 14 nanmter
2:12 manufacturing process. Now, architecturally, it's not a huge change
2:16 compared to Haswell, the last generation one, which is based on Intel's 22nmter
2:20 manufacturing process, but shrinking the size of the transistors allows the CoreM
2:25 to do some pretty amazing stuff, including deliver dual core turbo boost
2:30 capable CPUs with beefy onboard graphics that have a TDP of 4 to 4 1/2 watts. Low
2:36 enough for use in twoin-1s and other ultra thin mobile devices in the future
2:40 without requiring a cooling fan. Not to mention better performance, better
2:43 battery life, etc. And there's more. As
2:47 Intel's capacity at 14 nmter ramps up, we will see this technology deployed in
2:51 the desktop and server until it's everywhere. And then it's time to start
2:55 the whole process all over again. And that is how we keep getting better
3:00 processors at the same or even lower prices sometimes. Speaking of better
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3:58 thanks for watching. Like this video if you liked it, dislike it if you disliked it. Leave a comment letting me know if
4:02 you have any comments or suggestions for
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