What is Data Rot?

Techquickie ·Techquickie ·2017-05-06 · 982 words · ~4 min read
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0:00 you know I think we've all been a little spoiled by digital data storage if you
0:04 put something on your hard drive SSD or a rable CD if that's still your thing
0:09 for whatever reason you can expect to be able to pull it up again whenever you
0:14 want with every bit exactly where it's supposed to be but despite the relative
0:19 reliability of digital data storage compared to the days when we consumed
0:24 everything on cassette tapes and VHS data stored on Modern media can still
0:28 Decay degrade and disappear over time so
0:32 alliteration aside how does this happen and what can you do to prevent it let's
0:37 start by a look at mechanical hard drives which although more economical
0:42 than solid state drives can fail due to the moving Parts on the inside wearing
0:46 out or through damage to the platters if
0:49 something like a head crash happens but suppose you've got a Dependable hard
0:53 drive that you take good care of by not subjecting it to shock moisture or your
0:58 pet fret how could data on the drive Decay without any kind of physical
1:02 damage or mishap you see hard drives store data as clusters of magnetic bits
1:08 that are pointed in a certain direction that have the potential to flip to the
1:12 opposite direction Over time however since modern hard drives have built in
1:16 features to periodically refresh those bits of data and they also have
1:21 error-checking algorithms that can often detect and fix flipped bits this kind of
1:26 data rot is mostly a problem for drives that have been sitting around unplugged
1:32 for 5 or 10 years at a time so the
1:35 average user probably won't have to worry about this all that much but it
1:39 can matter if you're using hard drives for very long-term archival style
1:44 storage ssds on the other hand can be quite a bit more fickle with retaining
1:49 data for long periods of time although ssds are often regarded as more durable
1:54 than hard drives due their lack of moving Parts they don't hold data as
1:58 well because they rely on trapping an electrical charge inside of a small
2:03 transistor these charges can weaken over time and while making transistors
2:07 smaller and smaller have increased SSD
2:11 capacities it has also decreased data
2:14 longevity although you can fight this off by making sure to not leave your SSD
2:18 unplugged for long periods of time and just powering it on regularly they do
2:23 tend to not last as long as hard drives went unplugged if you live in a warmer
2:28 climate your SSD might not even hold data for more than like a year if you
2:32 aren't using it as heat can accelerate data decay in those transistors so make
2:37 sure you're not doing stuff like leaving a laptop with an SSD in the back of a
2:42 hot car for long periods of time like you go on a trip or something but Luke
2:46 what if I just store all of my super important stuff on optical discs you
2:50 don't exactly have to turn on a CD so
2:53 isn't that a better idea well yes and no
2:57 Optical discs unfortunately are also susceptible to degradation in a number
3:02 of ways just different ways such as oxidization of the metallic layer that
3:06 actually holds the data when air seeps in through imperfections in the outer
3:11 plastic layer of the disc adhesives that hold the different layers of a disc
3:15 together can break down over time as well even making it possible to
3:19 physically pull apart the disc like some kind of weird sandwich however you can
3:24 get archival quality discs engineered with more durable materials that can
3:28 reliably store data for between 20 and
3:32 100 years depending on how exactly they're manufactured and there's even a
3:36 relatively new type of optical disc called the M dis that claims it can
3:40 store data for a thousand years whoa but
3:45 since no long-term storage solution is perfect the best way to make sure your
3:49 important stuff lasts as long as you want it to is make sure that you have
3:53 independent redundant backups whether that's your home or with a cloud-based
3:58 archival service and remembering things like not to leave your dri sitting
4:02 around or using them as paper weights if something's really that important I hear
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