WEBVTT 00:00:00.160 --> 00:00:08.800 So, you bought your fancy high-end ultra wide monitor with an IPS panel, 10 bit 00:00:06.400 --> 00:00:13.200 color, adaptive refresh, and an attachment for keeping your drinks cool. 00:00:11.280 --> 00:00:18.080 Maybe you've even used some calibration tools to get things looking just right. 00:00:16.480 --> 00:00:23.039 But then, when you have a friend over for Counterstrike, he starts complaining 00:00:20.160 --> 00:00:29.439 that the colors seem a little off. How could that be? Well, considering that 00:00:26.160 --> 00:00:31.760 people vary wildly in everything from 00:00:29.439 --> 00:00:36.160 musical ability to whether or not we find spray cheese appealing, it might 00:00:34.320 --> 00:00:41.520 not be surprising to learn that people perceive colors differently as well. And 00:00:39.440 --> 00:00:45.600 I'm not talking about really obvious things like color blindness or needing 00:00:43.840 --> 00:00:50.320 glasses because everything's blurry without them. What I'm referring to 00:00:47.440 --> 00:00:55.680 instead is variations between people's cone cells, the things in your eyes that 00:00:53.039 --> 00:01:01.280 allow you to see color. You have three normal types of cones, each sensitive to 00:00:58.559 --> 00:01:06.240 a different range of wavelengths. One kind for colors in the red to yellow 00:01:03.359 --> 00:01:11.200 range, one for greens, and one for blues and violets. This arrangement of cones 00:01:08.479 --> 00:01:15.360 actually inspired the RGB color model that you see in monitors, TVs, and 00:01:13.520 --> 00:01:20.479 basically every gaming keyboard for the past couple of years. Since red, green, 00:01:18.080 --> 00:01:25.600 and blue match up well to the three kinds of cones we have, RGB ends up 00:01:22.880 --> 00:01:31.520 being a great base for reproducing lots of different colors. But because some 00:01:28.479 --> 00:01:34.240 people have small variations in cone 00:01:31.520 --> 00:01:39.680 composition, our sensitivity to these different colors of light will also vary 00:01:36.880 --> 00:01:46.560 greatly from person to person. So to get an idea of how a regular person sees 00:01:42.799 --> 00:01:48.720 color, a test was conducted back in 1931 00:01:46.560 --> 00:01:54.399 on a handful of people and the results were averaged and have been used as a 00:01:50.960 --> 00:01:56.799 baseline for much of color science ever 00:01:54.399 --> 00:02:01.840 since, including the way that we think about display design. So, modern flat 00:01:59.520 --> 00:02:07.200 panel displays will give off different amounts of energy in the red, green, and 00:02:04.719 --> 00:02:13.440 blue parts of the visual spectrum, but they don't exactly match the proportions 00:02:10.239 --> 00:02:16.000 that were found in the 1931 experiment. 00:02:13.440 --> 00:02:21.200 To complicate things further, monitors can differ wildly from each other in how 00:02:18.959 --> 00:02:26.000 vividly they show each of these colors, which you can see clearly on spectral 00:02:23.599 --> 00:02:30.959 power graphs, which show very different amounts of energy per color between 00:02:27.920 --> 00:02:33.200 displays. And even though modern screens 00:02:30.959 --> 00:02:39.200 have better picture quality and lower power consumption than old bulky CRTs, 00:02:36.239 --> 00:02:44.959 those old monitors were actually better at producing uniform colors. Flat panel 00:02:42.239 --> 00:02:49.920 displays have narrower band color, meaning that they give off purer reds, 00:02:47.360 --> 00:02:55.440 greens, and blues, which show up as pointier bumps on a graph like this. But 00:02:52.959 --> 00:03:00.480 because of the variations in people's cone cells that I mentioned earlier, 00:02:57.599 --> 00:03:05.200 this makes it easier to pick up on small variations between monitors and also 00:03:03.040 --> 00:03:10.400 easier for two different people to be looking at the same monitor yet see 00:03:07.519 --> 00:03:15.120 different colors. a phenomenon called metameic failure. So when you put this 00:03:13.120 --> 00:03:19.440 together with other factors such as different color spaces and backlight 00:03:17.680 --> 00:03:24.480 types, which you can learn about in these videos, it's really no wonder that 00:03:22.159 --> 00:03:29.760 different people notice such drastic discrepancies in current generation 00:03:26.800 --> 00:03:35.760 displays. One solution which is already being used in higherend laser projectors 00:03:32.159 --> 00:03:38.319 is to use two different shades of red, 00:03:35.760 --> 00:03:43.360 green, and blue as your primaries, giving you six base colors instead of 00:03:40.720 --> 00:03:47.840 three. This helps spread out the color energy and make things look more 00:03:45.200 --> 00:03:53.040 uniform. But differences between our eyes will continue to make this a tough 00:03:50.080 --> 00:03:56.959 problem to tackle for some time. Until then though, we can continue to enjoy 00:03:54.879 --> 00:04:02.799 our arguments about whether malberry magenta and passion pink are actually 00:04:00.080 --> 00:04:06.319 the same color. Thanks once again, by the way, to our friend Tyler from 00:04:04.319 --> 00:04:12.480 Spectraal for helping us out with this video. He is like a color wizard of some 00:04:09.280 --> 00:04:15.120 sort. Speaking of wizardry, are you a 00:04:12.480 --> 00:04:21.440 wizard with accounting? 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