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So, you've just finished working in your favorite image editing program and your

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masterpiece is ready for the art gallery, your web design portfolio, or

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even 4chan. But when you go to save it, you're presented with this baffling

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array of file format options. TIFF, PNG,

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BMP, and come on, why does Photoshop think you look like you know what a JPEG

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is when all you want is a picture of a god hot dog? Well, to answer Hank Hill's

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question, JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group. And despite

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the fancy sounding name, you don't need to be an expert to use it as it's an

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extremely common format in the world of photo storage. JPEGs are popular for a

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number of reasons, but one of the biggest is that they save a lot of

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storage space compared to older formats like BMP, which used to be widely used

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due to its simplicity and compatibility across devices, but has since fallen out

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of favor. Now, to achieve these space savings, JPEGs use what's called lossy

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compression. So, when you save an image as a JPEG, some of that image data

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actually gets discarded to reduce the file size. Now, the way that it does

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this is it compares every 8 by8 block of pixels that make up the image to 64

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standard patterns, then determines how much weight each of those 64 patterns

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contributes to that block. Afterwards, the higher frequency or more

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checkerboard like patterns you see to the lower right have their respective

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weights lowered by an amount that depends on the JPEG quality setting as

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your eyes aren't really all that good at seeing lots of brightness differences

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over a small area. This means that often times these higher frequency patterns

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end up contributing nothing to the compressed image, which is the main way

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JPEG compression can reduce photos down to just around 10% of their uncompressed

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file size with very little loss in perceptible quality. But there's a

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catch. JPEG compression works best with photos because the detail in the photo

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tends to hide compression artifacts. JPEG struggles with sharp edges and

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curves you often find in non-photographic images such as diagrams

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or design elements on web pages. For these, a much better format is the

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graphics interchange format, commonly known as a GIF or GIF. Well, however you

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pronounce it, GIFs use lossless compression, making them ideal for

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simpler images like corporate logos because you won't end up with any of

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those nasty artifacts that are easier to see in a clean, simple design. Gifts can

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also, very notably, even be animated by

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showing multiple images in rapid succession. But their huge drawback is

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that they're only limited to 256 colors,

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meaning they often appear grainy when used for more complex images. So then if

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you want no loss in image quality without the huge file sizes, what do you

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do? Well, this is where you might turn to the increasingly popular PNG format,

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which stands for portable network graphics. Now, as the name suggests, it

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was designed to be useful for sending images over the internet. Now, PNGs can

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reduce the file sizes of graphics heavy images without introducing compression

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artifacts the way JPEG and GIF can.

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Though, the lossless compression means your file sizes will be larger. So, keep

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this trade-off in mind. But it's not all about image quality versus file size.

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PNG also supports transparency, meaning

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image editors and web browsers can understand that certain areas of the

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image are meant to be transparent, allowing more flexibility in how the

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image is used. Of course, there are times when image quality is of paramount

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importance, and you're not as concerned about file sizes, such as in

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professional photography settings where TIFF is a popular format. Now, although

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TIFF can use compression, it also supports uncompressed images as well as

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many different color spaces and other options, making it popular among

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photographers and printers. It's also increasingly common to run across images

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into scalable vector graphics or SVG format, which can be resized as much as

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you like with no loss in quality, meaning file sizes are usually very

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small. And you can learn much more about vector graphics right up here. And

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there's actually one important format that isn't really a format at all. RAW

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images, which are also sometimes referred to as digital negatives. Now,

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just like a negative from an old 35mm film camera, a raw file isn't an actual

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picture, but it contains the information needed to create one. So, it's a very

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lightly processed file that contains as much of the original information

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captured by the camera sensor itself as possible. Raw files typically require

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special codecs to open them on a desktop image editor. But raw images are favored

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by photographers because having all of that original data opens up so many more

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editing options such as more granular control over brightness and colors than

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would otherwise be possible. Now, some raw formats, and they are not all the

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same, even allow things like white balance or overexposure to be corrected

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after the fact. Whoa. Then after editing, raw images can just be saved as

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whatever format makes the most sense. So, I hope this video has made it a bit

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clearer why there are so many different formats for something that seems as

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simple as displaying images. And if it has, let us know if you'd like to see

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future episodes that explain other kinds of file formats for things like audio

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So, thanks for watching, guys. Like this video if you like it. Dislike it if you thought it sucked. Leave a comment with

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your suggestions for future videos. And check out our other channels. They're always doing something wild and crazy

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over on Channel Super Fun. Whatever is playing above my face right now, I'm

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sure that looks just fantastically entertaining. So, go check that out and

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we'll see you guys next time.