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if you already know who equinex is you know the treat you're in for today for

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everyone else equinex who sponsored this facility tour was founded in 1998 and

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currently operates over 260 data centers

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globally through which flows over half

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of the tier one internet backbone in a nutshell if you're using a computer

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right now which you probably are like this guy you are more likely than not

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touching equinex infrastructure right now and guys I get to take take you deep

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behind the curtain I'm talking power data cooling security it's pretty much

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everything that we do on our Channel yes even pool server cooling except

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legit you see as pretty as it might look

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the building behind me was purpose-built from the ground up to be a function

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First Data Center and and that manifests in a lot of interesting ways for

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starters it was not built from the ground up but rather the first floor was

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lifted a few feet off of ground level

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why security like any equinex facility

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that building needs to be able to withstand a breach attempt from a

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vehicle ramming into it but the city wouldn't let them surround it with ugly

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barriers so instead they lifted up the

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foundation itself so if you drove anything less than that city bus into 45

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Parliament Street Toronto you would eventually regain Consciousness and find

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the building to be quite unbreached honestly speaking you'd probably have

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better luck getting inside if you just walk through the front

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door JK once you get in there you'll

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find yourself in a series of airlock style doors like this one with at least

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three biometric security checkpoints before you so much as catch a glimpse of

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a customer rack oo but I get to go but

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what's the big deal you might think it's just some servers and network switches

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right well yeah but really important

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ones equinix houses critical infrastructure for everyone from

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telecommunications providers to cloud service providers to Securities

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exchanges and even governments to put it in perspective some poor schlub

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accidentally overcooked a bag of microwave popcorn at this location and

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the city sent seven fir trucks on the off chance that equinex was on fire and

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hadn't already Managed IT with their own fire suppression systems for more

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context their service level agreement with diesel fuel providers is on par

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with the local hospital because well think about it realistically is that

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hospital getting anything done without data services probably not let's head up

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here's something cool everything in this building except the generators we're

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about to see on the fifth floor was brought up in this freight elevator it

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has a full ful loaded capacity that's equivalent to about four loaded Mini

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Coopers and this is really important for cloud providers who pre-build their

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racks offsite it allows them to wheel a rack into their cage hook up power hook

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up Cooling and walk away we'll take a look at some of those cages later but

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first we need to go all the way up to

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the fifth floor where possible equinex

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uses a top to bottom approach to building design so we're going to go in

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that order why do they design top down you might ask that's because if you

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spring a leak it's going to go down so this floor contains everything that's

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needed to run the whole building in the event of a major outside Interruption

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and nothing can leak on top of it which is especially important for this inside

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the apply named battery room is enough capacity to run the entire building at

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full load for up to 15 minutes and if

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they need more time that's where these come in these diesel generators are

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designed to run continuously at a capacity of 2.5 megaw each yes my

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friends 2.5 million watts each getting

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these up here by the way took some special planning which I'm told involves

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cutting a hole in the side of the building renting a crane and then

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sliding them in absolutely badass but

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there's one small problem now they've got to fuel them I mean they've got this

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little Reservoir here but this one run one of these bad boys for what an

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hour well as it turns out the main tanks

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which include an onsite polisher to remove water and other impurities that

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can spoil the fuel those are underground and this was done because diesel fuel is

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lighter than water and equinex wanted to design this building such that if the

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entire first floor was flooded the tanks wouldn't float away Wicked smart the

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last thing they had to manage was the noise oh the noise noise noise

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noise now obviously equinex isn't going

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to hit their 2030 renewable energy goals by running diesel generators 247 but

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they do need to perform monthly checks on them and I'm told that when you fire

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those things up you can't even hear yourself think in here now given there

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used to be a public library on the other side of this wall that was a problem so

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equinix designed These acoustic baffles that Bring the Noise down to the same as

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a typical City Road and you can oh wow can you can probably

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hear the difference right when I go in there oh yeah crazy kind of necessary if

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you consider that this is about the equivalent of having five bloody trains

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running in here fun fact before we leave

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this room by the way diesel generation kicks off enough smoke that conventional

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smoke detectors would be giving off constant false alarms so this room uses

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flame detectors special cameras that can see through smoke to see if there's

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actual fire moving into the chiller room we've got the exact opposite problem you

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can fit so much water in this bad boy

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that is why absolutely no customer infrastructure is allowed under this

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room in here are three main cooling Loops the one behind me is filled with

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antifreeze that goes between these liquid to liquid Heat exchangers and the

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large evaporative cooling fin Stacks that are Up on the Roof we're going to

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take a closer look at those in a minute but for now now I want to look at the

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other Loops those two are connected to what is in effect the biggest freaking

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air conditioner that I have ever seen except instead of cooling air like your

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air conditioner does it cools water the

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hot side here carries heat to those same heat exchangers that we just talked

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about while the cold side is connected to the rest of the building through what

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equinex calls their bus architecture which is kind of just a fancy way of

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saying that it's all redundant it's all interconnected and it's all controlled

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by a BMS or building management system and I'll show you why that's cool right

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above me is our chilled water return which is bringing heat up from the data

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center floors below okay so far so simple but where does it go

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well as you can see it gets a little

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complicated when it's below 4° C in

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Canadian winter it essentially passes straight through with the compressors

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barely running and goes to the heat exchangers on the roof sweet free

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cooling thanks Mother Nature but then spring rolls around and the outside air

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needs some help that's when our highly efficient magnetic bearing compressors

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ramp up their cooling efforts bringing our thermals under control but wait now

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it's Midsummer and there's a heat Dome we need more cooling Captain thankfully

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we've got it now most of the time the misters are not needed but for a

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building like this you don't design for most of the time and these rooftop fin

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Stacks can either be run bare or they

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can be lightly coated in water to dramatically increase their cooling

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capacity it works in the same way that your arm gets much colder if you lick it

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before you blow on it the best part is that everything we've seen is fully

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redundant including cold spares of key components that gives equinix's team

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lots of options for load balancing during maintenance and it means that in

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the event of an equipment failure or another event equinex won't risk giving

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up their nice 69 uptime Target that's an

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average of about 32 seconds of downtime per year by the way wow hilariously

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sometime in the near future all the cooling we just looked at will be

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rendered redundant though when the forth pipe goes online in the dlwc or deep

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lake water cooling system if you haven't heard of it it's basically my pool water

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cool cooling setup except done properly with massive pipes that draw 4° water

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from the bottom of Lake Ontario and then pump it into the city to cool office

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towers and Arenas and well data centers

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that sort of thing super cool project since we're up here by the way these

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freaking blew my mind now as consumers when we want the lowest latency say for

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gaming or video conferencing we think fiber right well what if I told you that

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there's a tier above the speed of light

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well you'd probably tell me there is not

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and all right you got me but here's the thing light does not always go the same

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speed and fiber optic cable slows it down to about 2/3 of its theoretical

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maximum in a vacuum now that's not enough to matter for your game but for

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Capital Market transactions where micros seconds can be the difference between

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making your trade and losing a huge opportunity every Competitive Edge

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matters and that is where these microwave arrays come in these provide

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direct line of sight links North to the Toronto Stock Exchange and South to New

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York now of course for anything where throughput matters nobody's using these

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so let's go back inside and look at good oldfashioned fiber by the way you guys

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might have noticed some extra pads and footings for additional equipment up

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here that's another nice thing about a purpose-built building you can plan out

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your future capacity and then you can build it as needed this for instance is

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a spot for another fin stack and here in the electrical room you'll see much of

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the same thing look at the Glorious extra conduit for future installs isn't

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it beautiful this room takes in

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13,800 volt power steps it down and

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distributes it throughout the building but all right enough about

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infrastructure how about some customer systems right the next two floors are

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very similar so let's go with number four this is the oldest floor and

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therefore uses some older design paradigms for starters cooling is

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handled using cold Isle containment rather than hot aisle containment and

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let me show you what that means the water from above us is getting pumped

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into this air handler Corridor that chills the air chilled air then gets

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carried through ducts to the center of the customer's cage where a thermal

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probe aha will inform the system when

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cooling is needed it opens up the motorized Vents and then blasts cold air

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downward it then gets sucked up into the rack which is going to be on either side

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and then exhausted out into the room where it gets sucked into that Corridor

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rinse and repeat now the main drawback of this approach is that it allows some

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mixing of the hot and cold air but equinex still managed a solid power

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usage effectiveness of 1.42 for this site since you're

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wondering by the way I should probably acknowledge that this is an Unleashed

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space and there are normally strict rules about access to these cages for

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example exchanges cannot have their cages entered at all during trading

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hours and even for equinex staff unless

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there's an emergency or contracted work that needs to be done they are not

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supposed to be entering customer spaces so they built these cool access panels

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where they can run any connections that the customer requests to the outside of

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the cage and then the customer can come in and Route whatever they need for

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whatever they're doing access to the cages is controlled by access cards and

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Biometrics either a hand or a fingerprint that's stored as a hash for

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customer privacy and any use of your

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card is logged on top of the logs for the biometric sensor the contact sensor

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on the door the motion sensor near the door ah there it is and of course the

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camera pointed at the back of the rack space and if all this seems Overkill You

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Ain't Seen Nothing Yet many of the cages not only have physical access barriers

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but even visual blockers so no one can see any of the equipment in use and for

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the extra paranoid a top cage can be installed to ensure that nobody can

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climb over the top though of course anyone trying to do that would have been

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spotted by one of the hundreds of cameras in this place but then as you

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probably picked up by now in this business redundancy is the name of the

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game some cages go even further

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requiring what's called double access meaning that to get inside you need both

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an equinex employee and a customer employee and we even saw one with a

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touch sensitive cage so if you so much as leaned against it a ticket would get

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automatically created and equinex security would get an Irate phone call

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but wait there's more they told me that some customers will even post a guard

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who stands outside their cage 24 hours a day 7 days a week financial institutions

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and government agencies will often operate with a high degree of security

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like that speaking of financial institutions certain customers have

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noticed that if they're closer to each other they can have a physical advantage

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in connection times well that's not

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necessarily a good thing to solve that problem then equinex has a system called

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equidistant trading that neutralizes any latency Advantage by running the exact

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same length of fiber to every customer who requires that the spools of excess

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fiber optic cable are one of the most protected things in the entire facility

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now I was able to convince them to open the door earlier for a quick b-roll shot

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but they wouldn't let us any closer there's a camera pointed at the cabinet

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and if anyone so much as goes near it security shows up and it's a whole to do

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with reports to the SEC and the whole kazoo moving on to the second floor this

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place is sick now we weren't able to shoot as much here due to customer

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privacy concerns but we did manage to get some footage of one of the liquid

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cooled cages here building cold water goes into a heat exchanger that pumps

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chilled water to their highdensity servers these kinds of deployments are

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becoming much more common but they're kind of an ongoing challenge for

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standards lovers equinex at the moment

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these guys dial in flipping everything down to the colors of the metal posts in

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their facilities by the way blue means you hang stuff off them and gray means

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they hold stuff up the more you know but

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the lack of standards in the liquid cooling space right now means that these

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cages often need special provisions and that's something that they're working

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with others in the industry to solve as rack power density continues to scale to

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l ludicrous levels looking at you AI

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while we're here there's a couple other cool things about this cage there's leak

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containment troughs in the ceiling under any water pipes to ensure that even a

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small leak will be caught and can't fall onto the equipment below it and if you

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look carefully at the floor there's actually little yellow ropes running

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around the outside of this cage and here on the first floor I see another one now

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I wouldn't blame you guys for thinking gee it seems uncharacteristically sloppy

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of these guys to leave this kind of thing lying around all over the place

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but it's actually not a rope they are

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everywhere in this facility where there's water and they're part of a leak

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detection system that tells their team not only if there's been a leak but

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exactly exactly where it was boy would

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that ever have been handy boy would that ever have been handy boy would that ever

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been handy since we're here by the way this happens to be the newest floor in

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the building remember top to bottom buildout right this one was done about a

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year ago and they refer to this data Hall as a as a mark1 design but now that

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AI has exploded power densities to numbers that would have been Unthinkable

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even 2 to 3 years ago the mark 2 designs that they're currently constructing are

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aiming at around 10 times the power per

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square foot that they targeted here so maybe that's something we could see in

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another video equinex andho this floor

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uses a very different system for handling Air instead of pushing cold air

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to the cages now they pull hot air out

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of the cages into these chimneys that go up into the plenum which runs into the

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air handlers now it might seem like an

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unimportant distinction but the higher the temperature difference the more

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efficient the thermal transfer and when you're dealing with very high draw racks

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this ensures that the hottest possible air goes into the handling it also all

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but completely prevents hot and cold air from mixing which is a major winre

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efficiency now I can practically hear you guys shouting if you've got all the

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hot air in a chimney why don't you do

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what a chimney does best and blast it out of the building well you can do that

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but then you need to bring in air to replace it air that needs to be filtered

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and that needs to be humidity controlled to handle that at the kind of volume

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that you would need it's impractical so

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even under very extreme conditions like we saw last winter in Chicago I'm sorry

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but you can't just swing open the doors of a Data Center and hope that it'll run

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cooler by the way we didn't show this on the other customer floors but there's

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actually two equivalent air handling systems on opposite sides of each floor

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each with the capacity to handle the entire floor in the event of a failure

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by the way before we leave the customer systems area I was very surprised to

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hear that equinex does not use exotic fire suppression methods op instead for

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standard water sprinklers but then I found out they're not quite standard see

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the pipes are not flooded with water all the time but rather they're full of

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inert gas and water only flows into them

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if two out of three systems go off and a

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plastic head melt so they use heat detection smoke detection and the

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world's most expensive PVC runs these

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are part of a vesda or very early smoke detection alarm system system that can

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not only detect smoke but also triangulate where it's coming from to

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ensure that only the necessary sprinkler head goes off they made this choice

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because oxygen depletion fire suppression can pose very real risks to

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any Personnel who get accidentally trapped so good guy equinex let's go to

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the basement above me is where utility power comes into the building or rather

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this is one of the two rooms because redundancy right now interestingly the

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power company can actually control this unit remotely allowing them to turn it

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on and off and even scale how much power comes in that is not a normal thing but

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because there's so much power going into

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this building in an emergency they might need to call equinix and say hey um we

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need more power could you guys just turn all of this off and Island yourselves

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this kind of collaboration is really important because equinex estimates that

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this this building draws somewhere in the neighborhood of 3% of the city's

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entire power budget if a multi megawatt

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load kicks in suddenly without warning or drops suddenly without warning it is

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a big problem for grid stability with that said they do turn it off and on

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regularly though every year they do a scheduled pull the plug test and

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quarterly they do load tests where they will bring in load Banks to ensure that

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the building can actually power everything that it's rated for these

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things sound pretty cool basically if they don't have enough servers running

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they bring in Big Blocks of metal and they fire up the generators and make

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them glow red hot flipping wild finally

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there's the fiber in room it's funny they thought that this was going to be

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underwhelming and they were all like are you sure you even want to see it but it

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really goes to show you how numb you can get to cool stuff if you spend your

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whole day around it now in fairness to them they are kind of right I mean it

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pretty much looks exactly like the fiber room our building back home line comes

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in from outside line loops around as is

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tradition and then gets spliced or patched to wherever the difference is

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that I could probably fit my entire family hula hooping inside these

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freaking loops and where they go to is even cooler they go outside to one of

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the seven manholes that get shared by the approximately 60 carriers that route

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into this building that is what the carrier's access ends equinix splices

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runs from the manholes to this room and then they run it up to the floors above

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the carriers only get access again once it reaches their cage this is how

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equinex enforces the principle of equity of access that inspired their name oh

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and of course there are two of these rooms with fiber coming in from two

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different sides of the building because in the event of a construction worker

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accidentally cutting one of these or something they got to have redundancy I

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got to tell you guys there is so much we weren't able to fully cover if you

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noticed QR codes on everything those are cool they use AR to direct technicians

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for fault Discovery and to map out customer connection requests um the

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18-wheeler dock can be completely closed off for privacy and security when you're

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unloading racks uh they have employee facilities on site so when an emergency

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you can shower shave sleep you know your 3 s's um they turn off the lights

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whenever no humans are detected to save power they've got grounding strips

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freaking everywhere they have direct links to their other buildings to turn

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their entire flock of data centers into a giant redundant mesh guys there is so

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much more but I think it might have to wait for next time for now massive

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thanks to equinix for sponsoring this video and giving us such an in-depth

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look at the kind of space that most people are never going to set foot in

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let alone get a comprehensive tour of hopefully we'll get a chance to do it

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again sometime if you guys enjoyed this video hey you might enjoy this kind of

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high security nobody gets to see it kind of stuff so maybe check out the Intel

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Fab tour that we did last year