so at some point after robots take all of our jobs they'll eventually decide
that the world just really doesn't need humans that badly and will do away with
us all together but then haven't you ever wondered how
this incredibly rosy vision of the future will come to pass
well i can tell you that it'll probably involve neural networks now we tend to
think of artificial intelligence as the
capability of a computer to make sensible decisions on its own kind of
like a human and as it turns out it's more human-like than you actually might
think computer scientists and programmers have modeled the way that
computers arrive at their decisions after our own brains at least to a point
so inside your nervous system your neurons are arranged in such a way that
after information is taken in one group of neurons will pass that information to
the next group in a way that depends on what signals the previous group was
sending okay so for example then if neurons in
your muscles sense that they're working really hard because you're going out for
a run those neurons send out signals through a
specific pathway that ultimately results in your brain telling your diaphragm to
breathe harder rather than you know send a message to your hair to grow
faster and although the way that our neurons
work is immensely more complicated than
an artificial neural network made up of ones and zeros the neural networks used
in machine learning are at least loosely based on the workings of your brain
instead of neurons made up of dna and cytoplasm though a software neural
network uses processing nodes stacked
into many different layers so a node in
the first layer which initially receives the data
weights all of its incoming connections by multiplying each piece of data by a
certain factor depending on the connection it then adds these numbers
together and if it's above a certain threshold the node sends it along to a
node in the next layer and then so on and so forth
once the data gets to the end of the neural network the network has
effectively made a decision based on
weighting this combined and then recombined data across many of these
layers now all of this probably sounds quite
abstract but basically neural networks use thousands or
millions of these nodes to turn those numbers into something useful
of course even the most sophisticated neural network isn't going to know right
off the bat how to differentiate a picture of a burrito from a body pillow
just like a baby doesn't pop out of the womb already knowing how to speak the
king's english so instead developers train a neural
network by feeding it lots and lots of both relevant and irrelevant inputs so
for something like a self-driving car it might be a ton of images including some
of pickup trucks as the data gets fed into the network
developers monitor its behavior and then adjust the weights on the processing
nodes until the desired output is reached and the system can eventually
quickly differentiate a truck from a bicycle or baby stroller or stationary
object or what have you the whole idea is very general purpose
so it can actually be adapted to lots of different situations
other than the more well-known examples that we've already discussed like image
recognition and autonomous vehicles neural networks have been used for
everything from filtering spam out of email to training computers to play
video games nearly as well as professional level human players
of course training a computer to think is more complicated than getting it to
run a bunch of pre-defined instructions and as such training a neural network
can be quite time consuming and depending on the application requires
some pretty powerful hardware in fact the computers in current self-driving
cars are not only more powerful than your standard desktop pc they are
notorious battery hogs but as processors
become more efficient and our training methods become less tedious we fully
expect that one day our cars and spam
filters might be even smarter than we are so even if they do decide to turn on
us take over the world and rule in tyranny at least we won't have to deal
with scam emails from nigerian princes or terrible drivers anymore
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