WEBVTT

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Just about 20 years ago to the day, my wife Ivonne took me shopping for my

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birthday. My present, a window-mounted air conditioning unit that I promptly

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disassembled on the lawn so that I could chill my gaming CPU to sub-zero

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temperatures. She a keeper or what? Anyway, it's my birthday again, and this

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time I decided to spend a little more on

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my uh air conditioner. >> How much? >> 30.

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>> Oh, that's actually >> thousands. What? We already have

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numerous exotic coolers, including an industrial water chiller right there.

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Why did you spend $30,000 on this one? Because

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seeing this unique item handbuilt by

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overclocking legend Charles Fuggerworth

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is what inspired me to learn about Sub-Zero cooling in the first place,

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which is what led to my PC tuning obsession, which is what led to me

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standing here today. And you know what the craziest part is? His price for this

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thing, like literally the one that inspired me, isn't even unfair. While

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most chillers use a single compressor and refrigerant, this is a Cascade

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system and uses a total of three compressors, not to mention unobtanium

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gases to reach ungodly low temperatures.

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This very unit has been used to set countless performance records over the

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years, including live on stage at Intel launch events. And it comes with an

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extra special perk, hand delivery from

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the man himself, Charles, who flew up here to help me unbox it, verify that it

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works, and talk me through what makes his creation arguably the greatest CPU

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cooler on the planet. >> You got my money, right?

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>> Uh, no. But you know who does? Our

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sponsor, War Thunder. War Thunder is a free-to-play detailedpacked vehicle

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detailed planes, tanks, ships, and more. Get started for free using our link in

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the video description.

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>> I think some muscle to push on the screwdriver to strip them out.

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>> Uh, are you saying you don't think I have muscle? >> Yeah. What is it with everyone who's a

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guest on this channel and they just immediately open with the sick burns

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next? Are you going to ask me if I can reach all the way up there? >> I should get you a little stool.

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>> You're not even that much taller than me. I am so excited. I haven't even seen

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a picture of this thing since back when I was like browsing extreme systems.

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Now, I dreamed back then of

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commissioning you one day to build something like this for me. And I

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remember you did a handful of commission

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builds if I recall correctly, but like really a handful. How many of these have

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you actually built? >> 20 uh two stages. One, this is the only

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three stages I built. >> So you're saying this is a completely

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unique item then? >> Correct. Only a very few of these been

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attempted in the world. >> And what is the difference just for the

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uninitiated between a two- stage and a three-stage? Well, most of the two

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stages never really achieved 100 below zero Celsius. And as far as this one

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achieves 100 below zero, actually exceeds 100 below zero.

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>> I mean, architecturally, two stages versus three stages.

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What's the difference in the level of complexity having two compressors, one

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kind of cooling the first versus having three, one cooling the next one cooling

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the next one. the guesstimates getting the third stage gas well the optennium

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of the third stage gas first of all you can you can get like the poly cold or

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the revco units and you know try to work with one of those three-stage gases but

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you won't have the capacity you'll have to buy several of them or have to supplement the third stage gas and you

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won't have the capacity so if I wanted to build like a a sperm storage unit or

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something like that I could get like a nice low temperature

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right but if I want to cool something that is actively kicking out 500 600

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watts of need. >> Correct. Correct. Correct. >> I need this.

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>> Correct. Yes. >> This is the only one. >> Right. >> I got to tell you, I didn't realize how

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heavy it was. >> Yeah. >> Before we started, I gave it the old

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Okay. It couldn't be that. It's It's really freaking heavy.

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Literally, it's this or a vehicle.

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Everything about this thing screams

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handbuilt in the best possible way.

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>> When I originally built this, um, I didn't have very much refrigeration experience. So, I built all of my lines

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as the crow flies. Over many, many, many years, I perfected everything as I went.

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>> Now, you said that others have attempted three phases.

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>> Yes. >> Has anyone succeeded that you know of?

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No, not with the balance. Um, I've seen some other attempts, but

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I've never actually seen it in use. I'll get ready to catch it.

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>> Don't drop it on me. Hey. >> All right, I'll hold it.

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>> Thanks. You can hold 350 lbs, right?

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>> Oh, yeah. This is light work. Now, I

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couldn't help noticing, Charles, that my brand new purchase has some dust and

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rust on it. No, it doesn't. >> How long did you say this thing was?

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>> 25 years. 26 years. >> So, she's been around the block.

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>> Been around the world twice. Three times now. >> How would you rate this packing foam

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minus? >> Zero out of 10. >> Well, let's hope I got here in one

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shape. >> That's fine. When you're made it here,

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when it's when it's crate chipped like this, realistically, that's not doing

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anything. It's just sitting on top of it. >> I'm just having fun at work.

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>> I know. I'm sorry. Sorry, sir. >> That's better.

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I'm waiting for the camera to stop rolling. Keep it rolling so you can't hit me while it's rolling.

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>> Sorry. How many power cords? >> Three.

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>> How much power does this thing draw? >> 45 amps at max.

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>> Over 5,000 watts. >> Could be. >> What do you What What do you mean could

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be? >> So, why does it need to draw 5,000 watts when it's only cooling 500 watts?

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>> Yeah, >> professor, explain that.

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I didn't want to I didn't want to undershoot. That's okay.

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>> Okay. But but in all seriousness, there are efficiency losses. Yes. Especially

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as we make our way through multiple stages. So like our main stage, our

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biggest one that cools the second that in turn cools the third has to be

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absolutely enormous, monstrous overkill

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from from my understanding. Mhm. >> Um well, here let's get it up on the

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table and then maybe you can walk us through

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where all the gases flow. >> Okay. >> In order to make it work its magic.

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Here. I just want to get this under it. So maybe we can get some fingers under

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it so we can maybe lift it. >> Oh god. I don't want to get fingers under that. >> Oh wow. You really don't because Charles

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in his infinite wisdom built it with sharp corners.

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>> It's designed that way. So you get a nice clean cut.

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>> If if it's a if it's a poor cut, it's hard to attach. Again, >> you want to take it off right at the

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segment. >> No, it's just for this the stitches go clean.

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>> Are we doing okay? >> You're doing great. >> Let's get Lionus's end on first.

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>> Uhhuh. >> Cuz he's by himself. >> Yep.

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>> I'm good. >> You're good. Yeah. No, I'm good. >> Okay. Put your in a corner down and then

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>> Okay. >> My fingers are now being squished. But that is okay.

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>> Uh do you need help? >> What?

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>> My fingers were stuck. It's good.

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>> Okay. There's stuff that you get to see.

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>> I'm glad you're here to tell me how it works. I found the three compressors and

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I found the the cold end that goes on the CPU. I found what looks like a K

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probe or something like that probe. >> Perfect. So, that's going to tell us

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what the temperature is at our evap head. I'm going to need you to kind of

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walk me through it. So, where's our first stage? >> This is our first stage compressor. This

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is a Danfos SC12 MLX low temp compressor. It's basically a half horse

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compressor. So basically this is for sub-zero temperatures and uh it has

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R507. It's a common gas that you can use for uh refrigeration. So this gets about

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40 below zero. Okay. >> And it uh runs into our heat exchanger

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back here which is a lightron brace plate heat exchanger 40 plate.

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>> Okay. So then normally right you would

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have uh you know your condenser side which is where you have your fans and

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your you know aluminum fins or whatever right and then you would have your

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evaporator side which would in the case of like an air conditioner more aluminum

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fins and a fan that blows the cold air into the room for you to enjoy or in the

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case of a refrigerant-based CPU cooler it would go to the evaporator head which

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would go to your CPU but we're not doing that >> because this is a multi-stage stage,

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we're taking our cold side, our evaporator side, and we're going to a

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heat exchanger. So then that means this inside here is the cold side of stage

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one >> and the hot side of stage two,

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>> right? >> So that refrigerant, which for stage two

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starts at -40C, right on the hot side.

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Okay, where does that go? >> Well, the hot side goes into the called it's called a duper heater first before

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it before it even goes to the heat exchanger. So, I'm actually stripping off the heat before it goes into the

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heat exchanger. >> Oh. To make it easier for our first

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stage to cool it. >> Condense. Correct. >> God. >> So, I'm bringing it down to ambient.

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>> So, we precool it. >> Correct. >> Brilliant. So, where does it go from

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there? >> It actually goes into the expansion valve

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>> and it goes into the second stage compressor. There's an expansion valve on this side. This is a pressure

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expansion valve. Yeah. >> And it's u has a little knob on the side

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over here that you can adjust. And >> Oh, I won't. >> No, no, don't don't have to. It's

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already preset. Oh, good. And then what? I don't see another heat exchanger.

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>> Oh, it's all built. It's all inside of here. >> Oh, so you're telling me then that we

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actually have two heat exchangers in here. >> Correct.

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>> One that is using the first stage to chill the hot side of the second stage

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to minus 40. >> Correct. >> And then one that's using the cold side

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of the second stage. - 80, you said? >> Yes.

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>> To cool the hot side of the third stage.

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>> Yes. which is at -80 C. Now, this my

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understanding goes is where kind of the black magic and the tuning and the

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unobtanium gases really come into play. >> Correct. Condensing the third stage gas.

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>> Okay. So, I did notice that our third stage compressor, which is this guy over

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here, looks a little gruntier.

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>> No, it's exactly the same. They're all the same compressor. >> Wait, it looks bigger.

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>> No, it's all the exact same. Okay, I need to use whatever trick it's using

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with my wife.

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I did notice there are a few components that we haven't talked about much. Okay,

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>> we didn't mention the oil separators. >> Correct. >> What's their role in this system?

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>> Uh to keep the oil separated from the system. Um because when we're working at

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temperatures that are sub-zero and when you get the the the oil inside the

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lines, it can call flogging and that'll cause the system to fail. And you don't

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want the system to fail. >> No, I don't. >> One of the major problems that I had with my cascade was uh system volume.

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And one of the early things I did with the create system volume was I cur I

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pigtailed my line trying to think that I was adding volume to my system by adding

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>> making them a helix kind of like you do on the traces of a PCB to make sure that

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you know all the traces to the memory slots are the same length for instance

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>> right but I was trying to add volume to the system by adding more length of the

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thing but I wasn't very knowledgeable at the time but in time I realized I could

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get suction accumulators and add more volume to the system and so what these

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do is These are like right before the the line set and they add more volume to

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the system >> these are just a giant reservoir

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essentially of refrigerant gas >> correct >> wrap my brain around this one and this

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time I don't actually know the answer before I'm asking you

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>> how does having a large volume of the

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gas that isn't actively participating in being cooled

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as far as I can tell it's not insulated how does that help Oh boy. Oh boy. Oh

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boy. I don't know how to explain this that you guys can understand it.

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>> Um >> damn.

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>> Damn. >> Let me let me I always had um capacity

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issues and I always had to like add more gas to the system and I had a problem

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with adding more gas and then having the pressures on the system too high. So in

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order for me to add more gas and not have the this the pressures too high, I

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had to add more had to increase the volume. And so by adding the suction

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accumulator solve that problem. >> So it's almost like like like buffering

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you against pressure volatility in a sense like what what is it? What role is

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it playing? >> More gas. Um I need more gas to go to the block.

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>> Okay. But if the gas isn't actively >> more liquid I needed more liquid to go

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to the block. So it gives you just more fluid overall because liquid is so much

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denser than gas. But then when you, you

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know, weren't running it, the pressure would be astronomical because it's all

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in its gaseous form. >> Right. >> Well, I had I had to put more gas in the

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system and the pressure would go up higher and then I can't run into like a

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>> Understood. So this just gives us enough. So, so realistically when we're

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running this is not like high density gas storage at that time because so much

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of it is in liquid form but this gives it somewhere to go.

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>> Yes. >> All becomes gas right. >> Okay, I think we got it.

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>> Yes. >> See, I could understand that. >> Yeah, great explanation.

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>> There is one thing we missed. >> Yes.

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>> Do I need to be paying attention to these? Like if these go to the red line,

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do I freak out and pull all the plugs out? Like >> No, no, no. These just let me know like

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if the second stage and the first stage are running. So if I my my pressures go

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up I can pull this pull the plugs. Um

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basically when we shipped it I could you know like when you took the picture I

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can know if the the gas is leaked or not. >> Um in future like I can always like we

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can mark the the pressures right now and like a year from now we can see if we

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lose pressure and we can you know charge the system. >> Right. But not the third stage. I mean

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do do you have a bottle of the third stage? >> No.

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>> Sure. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. No, >> it's kind of making it sound like

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there's a bit of a like fire up procedure for this.

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>> Correct. There is a procedure for firing up. C >> Can we do it?

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>> You want to fire it up? >> I mean, yeah. >> Okay. Uh, do we pull some cords? We can

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fire it up. >> All right. So, this is going to take about 10 minutes to to come down.

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>> Well, are these labeled? >> Uh, no. I just No, but we'll we'll label

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them before we go.

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>> What should I be monitoring here? I mean, obviously I can see some of my

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fluid flowing through here. Am I Am I looking at pressures? How do I know when

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it's down to temperature? >> Okay. So, right now, uh we just got to wait a few minutes and we're going to

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watch for some ice build up on the first stage. The ice will build up right here on the on the back side of the uh the

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suction line. >> Okay. >> And so once we get a little bit of ice built up on there, we can fire up the

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second stage compressor. And we watch for the same thing on the second stage compressor. We watch for a little bit of

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ice building up on the back of the second stage compressor. >> Now, riddle me this. If someone were to

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irresponsibly fire the second stage compressor when we are not cooling the

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first stage, what happens? >> I don't know. Never done that.

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>> Neat. Now, let's say I don't like learning things the hard way,

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>> right? >> Where are the do not touch, no touchy places? >> Uh, this would be one of them.

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>> Oh, there's a thing that was burned on there. >> Yes. This would also be one of them.

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>> Yes. >> And this would also be one of them. >> Okay. >> That's the only three spots that are

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that are >> danger zones. >> Oh, look at that. Hey, we're frosting.

00:15:50.800 --> 00:15:55.920
Now, should I care about that at all? Like, like it'll drip and rust.

00:15:54.639 --> 00:15:59.040
>> No, no, no. Once I fire up the second stage, that'll evaporate. >> And I assume the second stage is the

00:15:58.560 --> 00:16:03.360
middle one. >> Yep. >> Good assumption. All right, >> go for it.

00:16:01.680 --> 00:16:06.480
>> Okay. It's a little bit not quite straight, but hey,

00:16:05.360 --> 00:16:10.320
>> aren't we all Okay, >> so when I plug in this third stage, this

00:16:08.480 --> 00:16:16.560
one, actually, this one's going to drop. >> Yeah. >> And then about about 15 or 20 seconds

00:16:14.399 --> 00:16:21.199
later, this is going to start to drop. Oh, the temperature at the evap head for

00:16:19.199 --> 00:16:23.120
the third stage. And this is where we cool our CPU.

00:16:22.320 --> 00:16:27.759
>> Okay, there we go. >> Big moment. Here we go. >> It's not that flat, Charles.

00:16:27.040 --> 00:16:31.199
>> What do you mean? >> I just mean, you know, the quality of the

00:16:30.320 --> 00:16:36.880
>> It's perfectly flat. >> The quality of the workmanship is just, you know, it's uh

00:16:34.399 --> 00:16:42.959
>> subzero. In all seriousness, when you have this

00:16:39.519 --> 00:16:45.920
level of cold up against the CPU, the

00:16:42.959 --> 00:16:50.000
macro flatness of the surface does still matter. You don't want like a big bump

00:16:48.399 --> 00:16:54.399
coming out of it that's giving you bad contact. But little pock marks like

00:16:52.320 --> 00:16:58.000
that, they don't actually matter though. >> You might want to resurface it.

00:16:56.000 --> 00:17:01.600
>> Oh, wo. She's really going now. >> So, it'll stop around90 until we put a

00:16:59.839 --> 00:17:06.559
load on it. >> 90. So, you're saying it goes lower when

00:17:04.559 --> 00:17:09.439
we put a load on it? Yeah, this is a thermal expansion valve on this side

00:17:08.000 --> 00:17:15.120
here. The more load we put on it, the the more it'll open the valve. >> You're at 69, baby.

00:17:12.000 --> 00:17:16.959
>> Oh, buddy. It It started sublimating.

00:17:15.120 --> 00:17:20.400
So, you're saying if I licked it, that would be bad. >> Your tongue would stick to it instantly.

00:17:19.679 --> 00:17:26.959
>> Oh, that's so >> You would be Yeah, we have to You'd be going to the hospital.

00:17:24.400 --> 00:17:30.559
>> What are we at? 90gative 83. >> Oh, we still got a ways to go.

00:17:28.240 --> 00:17:34.799
>> Oh, okay. Oh, okay. So, we would wait until she's completely down to 90 before

00:17:32.880 --> 00:17:41.240
we put a load on her or doesn't matter. It will just expansion valve and then

00:17:36.799 --> 00:17:41.240
Yeah. Wow.

00:17:41.600 --> 00:17:46.240
Woo. It's snowing, boys.

00:17:44.720 --> 00:17:53.360
>> So, when this is bolted to the CPU and the CPU is put under full load, this will drop about 1 or 2°, maybe even 3°.

00:17:50.080 --> 00:17:56.080
>> And another critical thing that is so

00:17:53.360 --> 00:18:02.640
cool about this system is that it won't go up. So our temperature stability

00:17:59.600 --> 00:18:05.679
compared to basically any other solution

00:18:02.640 --> 00:18:07.200
is unheard of. Like even when you're

00:18:05.679 --> 00:18:11.600
dealing with liquid nitrogen for instance, one of the big hassles of

00:18:09.280 --> 00:18:16.320
overclocking with LN2 is that you are constantly micromanaging the liquid

00:18:14.240 --> 00:18:22.160
nitrogen in your pots because you don't actually want your CPU necessarily at

00:18:18.640 --> 00:18:23.520
negative 150°. That can be problematic.

00:18:22.160 --> 00:18:29.440
You can run into cold bugs. So you got to like you got to bring it up in order to boot. You got to put it back down

00:18:27.039 --> 00:18:32.799
when it's time to do your run. With this system, we're just

00:18:32.320 --> 00:18:39.440
>> exact >> at minus 90 all the time. Idle, load,

00:18:37.200 --> 00:18:42.160
doesn't matter. No no micromanagement.

00:18:40.640 --> 00:18:46.400
>> One thing I have to uh don't have to deal with is crashing a lot. So, once

00:18:44.000 --> 00:18:49.919
we're stable, we're good to go for the a full bench session. We can bench for 16

00:18:48.080 --> 00:18:53.679
hours straight and like crash once or twice. >> Okay. Now, it's going to be a separate

00:18:52.320 --> 00:18:58.799
video, but can we tease them a little bit? Can you show us one of these golden

00:18:56.240 --> 00:19:03.280
chips which okay have been rumored for many years to exist? It's been rumored

00:19:00.480 --> 00:19:08.320
that reviewers get golden samples hand selected by Intel. That's We

00:19:05.440 --> 00:19:14.000
don't. He does. Can I see one? >> Sure. Sure.

00:19:09.039 --> 00:19:15.919
>> Well, it looks like any other 1400 KS.

00:19:14.000 --> 00:19:19.919
How do you know it's special? >> It's probably been like one of

00:19:17.840 --> 00:19:23.919
>> some number. Now, when you have a chip of this quality, I don't think it's a

00:19:22.080 --> 00:19:28.880
big secret that Intel has had some degradation challenges with their 13th

00:19:26.240 --> 00:19:33.280
and 14th gen silicon. Do you kind of do the early testing with your sacrificial

00:19:30.799 --> 00:19:35.440
lambs and then save your best chip for like when it's time to break the record?

00:19:34.880 --> 00:19:43.200
>> Yes. >> Okay. I guess my only last question then

00:19:38.720 --> 00:19:44.799
is why on earth are you selling this?

00:19:43.200 --> 00:19:50.880
>> I'm going to build another. I already started. Oh, so actually I'm kind of

00:19:48.320 --> 00:19:54.320
funding V2 then in a way. Are you are you using the the proceeds to to fund

00:19:53.600 --> 00:19:58.880
the next one? >> Yes. >> All right. Is the second one going to be

00:19:57.120 --> 00:20:01.440
so much better that I'm going to feel like I need a new one?

00:20:00.320 --> 00:20:06.160
>> Um you're going to have to tell me because it's going to be yours.

00:20:05.360 --> 00:20:10.720
>> Wait, what? >> Yeah, I'm building you a second one. I know. I haven't told you yet, but uh I

00:20:09.120 --> 00:20:15.280
had to break it to you somehow. >> You are? Do you know about this? No.

00:20:13.280 --> 00:20:18.480
>> Does anybody know about this? Really? >> Oh, we're we're building you a second

00:20:18.160 --> 00:20:24.720
one. >> When was this decided? >> I thought we were building you a second one.

00:20:22.160 --> 00:20:29.120
>> Yeah. Oh, not a three-stage, though. >> Oh, okay. No, we're building we'll build

00:20:26.720 --> 00:20:33.200
we'll build you a single stage, I guess. >> What? >> It just needs another $30,000.

00:20:31.120 --> 00:20:36.240
>> Oh, yeah. Oh. Oh. Oh, yeah. Okay. No, no, but >> No, no, I'm sorry. Okay.

00:20:35.679 --> 00:20:43.280
>> Hold on. What's >> We'll build We'll just build you a single stage. >> Oh, we're talking about that, right?

00:20:40.880 --> 00:20:47.840
>> A custom single stage. Exotic single stage. No, we actually have a couple

00:20:45.200 --> 00:20:52.480
more things coming. So, this is setting up a whole series with Charles. We're

00:20:50.080 --> 00:20:57.760
doing the unboxing here. Part two, we're going to set some world records. Part

00:20:54.320 --> 00:21:01.760
three, I'm going to do an everyday

00:20:57.760 --> 00:21:02.799
Subzero CPU and GPU build for home.

00:21:01.760 --> 00:21:05.600
That's what you're talking about. >> Yeah. And plus, I'm going to And plus, I'm going to build another three-stage

00:21:05.360 --> 00:21:10.320
myself >> for yourself. >> Most likely. Most likely. Most likely I'm going to build a two-stage. I'm

00:21:08.880 --> 00:21:15.039
happy to be part of the journey no matter what you build next because I

00:21:12.400 --> 00:21:19.600
just love seeing enthusiasts go out of their comfort zone and just do cool like

00:21:17.200 --> 00:21:23.600
this. It has been such a pleasure to have you here and uh it's going to be

00:21:21.919 --> 00:21:27.440
such a pleasure to continue to have you here as we work our way through all the

00:21:25.280 --> 00:21:31.200
incredible Sub-Zero adventures we have planned. >> Well, thank you for helping me out on my

00:21:29.280 --> 00:21:34.000
journey and uh your proceeds will definitely go towards another build and

00:21:32.799 --> 00:21:39.919
I'll make sure it's better than this one. >> And you know what else is going to be better than this one? some future segue

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00:22:31.280 --> 00:22:38.799
that I got to play around with refrigerant cooling with the LD PCV10, I

00:22:36.720 --> 00:22:44.000
think it was from Little Devil. It was a PC case that had a single stage CPU

00:22:41.600 --> 00:22:49.120
cooler built into the basement of it. It was woefully impractical, but very