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apple google amazon facebook and microsoft combined are worth about 9

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trillion us dollars which is way more

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than the entire gdp of japan

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holy cow but how did these companies get so freaking big let's have a quick look

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at how each one of these tech titans grew to become a member of the

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industry's big five starting with microsoft the first of the companies to

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be formed everyone knows microsoft for Windows but it was actually the earlier

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ms-dos that really vaulted the company into international relevance and here's

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why back in 1980 ibm needed an operating

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system for its new Intel-based personal computer and got in touch with the

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company digital research to license an os called cp

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m which had been around for a while and was written specifically for Intel cpus

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but surprisingly ibm and digital research couldn't work out a deal so big

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blue asked microsoft to create an os

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instead ironically microsoft didn't create one from scratch but instead

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licensed an os called 86 dos which was

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very similar to cpm and tweaked it to create ms-dos and by the time ibm

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released its original pc in 1981 microsoft had already written lots of

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software for ms-dos the ibm pc took off

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in popularity quickly and as a result so did microsoft software and as other

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computer companies created ibm compatibles ms-dos and later Windows

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quickly spread to those pcs as well setting the stage for microsoft to

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dominate home computing to this day

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but there are plenty of macs and macbooks out there as well so let's talk

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about apple did you know they very nearly went bankrupt as recently as

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1996. apple was selling overpriced products

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and that hasn't changed but back then their

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overpriced products were underpowered and apple had way too many of them

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meaning consumers often didn't even know what they were buying apple had to do

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something drastic to avoid going under so steve jobs was brought back in 1997

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and he made a crucial decision partner with apple's old rival

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microsoft after microsoft invested 150 million

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dollars into apple jobs simplified the product lineup and brought in joni ive

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to transform apple into a design focused company the result was the original imac

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in 1998 a simple attractive device that

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was extremely popular and kept apple afloat followed by the ipod in 2001 the

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ipod's practical design and clever marketing got the public to start

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thinking of apple as a lifestyle brand a perception that was cemented after the

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iphone came out in 2007. next up is amazon which started in 1994 as an

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online bookseller jeff bezos chose books

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because they didn't cost much to buy wholesale and he believed there was a

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demand for books people had a hard time finding in physical stores turns out

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he did it congratulations as amazon's

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online only model let them sell a far wider selection of books than its brick

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and mortar competitors this initial success allowed amazon to buy more

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warehouse space and sell products like dvds and toys again the low overhead

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meant amazon could undercut traditional retailers and before long amazon had

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enough money to take chances on niceties like free shipping and one-click

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ordering with the latter giving amazon insights into customer behavior a

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relatively ahead of the curve idea at the time but perhaps the most

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consequential decision was to make amazon web services available to the

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public as it was originally a system aimed at making amazon's internal it

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more efficient this happened in 2006 meaning amazon got ahead of the game in

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terms of cloud computing this earned amazon so much money that the company

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kept extending its tentacles into everything from game streaming to movies

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to home security but you could possibly consider google to be the og cloud

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computing company as its first product google search is all about asking a

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computer in some distant location to fetch you an answer although google

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wasn't the first search engine when it launched in 1997 it did something really

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cool that other search engines weren't doing instead of presenting results

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based on how many times your search string appears on a page it looked at

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how many times other pages linked to a page in order to determine how relevant

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and important a search result was although google's algorithm today is

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much more complicated this innovation made it much more accurate and popular

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than its rivals this made google an appealing platform to advertise on and

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google wisely kept its ads text based for a cleaner look meaning it could load

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results quickly further boosting its popularity the money it made off of

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search meant it could buy Android in 2005 and youtube in 2006 and as

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important as smartphones and online video are now the rest as they say

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is a history but it was facebook that perhaps had the

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fastest rise to becoming a global superpower as it was only founded in

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2004 and even then it was a social network exclusively for harvard students

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after expanding to other colleges investors saw the potential in the

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platform which opened to the general public in 2006 because facebook offered

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more features and less spam than its competitor myspace hi tom it overtook

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the latter in popularity in 2009. by this time facebook had already become a

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very valuable company through ad revenue and it put that revenue to good use in

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2012 when it bought instagram for one

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billion dollars sound like a lot well it

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actually spent another 19 billion dollars on whatsapp just two years later

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because the service already had around a half billion users and was growing at a

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rate of million new users per day not

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only has whatsapp since become extremely popular in huge swaths of the world but

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it's allowed facebook to expand the reach of its other services as well so

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that's how the big five got so big if only someone would have told me to

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below that was a tech wiki guys i'm not sure if you noticed hey like the video

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