1
00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:05,200
thanks for watching techwiki click the subscribe button then enable

2
00:00:03,200 --> 00:00:09,280
notifications with the bell icon so you won't miss any future videos

3
00:00:07,440 --> 00:00:13,200
so it wasn't that long ago that any mention of fingerprint scanning would

4
00:00:11,280 --> 00:00:17,119
conjure up images of james bond breaking into a super villain's evil lair these

5
00:00:15,360 --> 00:00:20,720
days it seems like everyone from secret agents to travel agents is carrying

6
00:00:19,039 --> 00:00:24,400
around fingerprint scanners built into the smartphones that they're paying 30

7
00:00:22,400 --> 00:00:29,119
bucks a month for but how exactly do they work and how they found their way

8
00:00:26,320 --> 00:00:33,760
onto so many consumer devices well as it turns out typical fingerprint readers

9
00:00:31,039 --> 00:00:37,440
use the same principle of capacitance as track pads and touch screens

10
00:00:35,760 --> 00:00:40,559
so if you checked out our other episode on touch screens you'll know that they

11
00:00:39,040 --> 00:00:44,559
typically function by detecting the difference in charge between the lower

12
00:00:42,399 --> 00:00:48,480
layer of your skin which is conductive and the phone screen itself fingerprint

13
00:00:46,559 --> 00:00:52,640
readers adapt this concept for personal identification by cramming loss of tiny

14
00:00:50,879 --> 00:00:55,600
conductive plates into the space just below the scanner surface they're

15
00:00:54,239 --> 00:01:00,879
narrower than the ridges that make up your fingerprints when you place your fingertip against the reader the sensors

16
00:00:59,280 --> 00:01:05,040
can tell which portions of your finger their ridges are touching the sensor and

17
00:01:02,960 --> 00:01:08,479
which are not because the small valleys are further away from the sensor which

18
00:01:06,640 --> 00:01:12,159
decreases the capacitance the tiny plates will pick up the reader can use

19
00:01:10,159 --> 00:01:15,600
these differences in capacitance to form a virtual image of the ridges of your

20
00:01:13,840 --> 00:01:20,479
fingerprint now these scanners have actually been on phones since 2007 but

21
00:01:18,320 --> 00:01:26,240
only really took off when apple released touch id with the iphone 5s in 2013.

22
00:01:24,560 --> 00:01:30,479
however there are other types of fingerprint readers too optical scanners

23
00:01:28,720 --> 00:01:34,320
use visible light to capture a more traditional image of your fingertips but

24
00:01:32,400 --> 00:01:38,640
these are uncommon at least in portable devices due to their bulk and ultrasonic

25
00:01:36,960 --> 00:01:42,799
fingerprint readers have the potential to be the next big thing these work

26
00:01:40,560 --> 00:01:46,799
somewhat similarly to a bat's echo location the way they work out the

27
00:01:44,560 --> 00:01:50,640
shapes of objects in the dark ultrasonic pulses emanate from the reader and hit

28
00:01:48,720 --> 00:01:55,040
the ridges of your fingerprints then variations in the return signal are used

29
00:01:52,560 --> 00:01:58,719
to construct a scan ultrasonic sensors not only have the advantage of a cool

30
00:01:56,720 --> 00:02:02,719
marketing friendly name but they can also work through other materials

31
00:02:00,960 --> 00:02:06,320
allowing them to be seamlessly embedded underneath the phone's surface for a

32
00:02:04,079 --> 00:02:09,440
slicker look or to peer through the crud and moisture on your hands for better

33
00:02:07,840 --> 00:02:14,319
reliability than their capacitive counterparts sounds great right but while many people

34
00:02:12,959 --> 00:02:18,319
originally thought the fingerprint sensors as a highly secure technology

35
00:02:16,720 --> 00:02:22,560
perhaps because of their association with spy films they certainly aren't

36
00:02:20,640 --> 00:02:26,239
foolproof no matter exactly which variety you're using think of how the

37
00:02:24,480 --> 00:02:30,800
scanner on your phone will work even though you don't place your finger on it

38
00:02:27,840 --> 00:02:35,360
in exactly the same position every time this is because they only require a good

39
00:02:33,200 --> 00:02:39,599
enough partial match to decide that it's your finger now this allows it to

40
00:02:37,440 --> 00:02:43,519
recognize you from many different angles but it also means there's a small chance

41
00:02:41,599 --> 00:02:46,959
of a false positive and even though master fingerprints are typically

42
00:02:44,959 --> 00:02:50,720
secured in some way like how apple encrypts the touch id fingerprint and

43
00:02:48,560 --> 00:02:54,720
stores it locally it's still possible to defeat fingerprint readers using

44
00:02:52,160 --> 00:02:58,080
artificial molds that can be created if say some miscreant gets a hold of

45
00:02:56,480 --> 00:03:02,560
fingerprints that you left on the wine glass so while the technology is super

46
00:03:00,239 --> 00:03:06,800
convenient there are holes that have led most smartphone operating systems to

47
00:03:04,319 --> 00:03:10,080
also require a password or pin which is especially important if you're

48
00:03:08,319 --> 00:03:15,040
one of the few dozen or so people in the world that were born without fingerprints

49
00:03:13,360 --> 00:03:17,920
well speaking of fingerprints are you trying to leave a unique impression on

50
00:03:16,640 --> 00:03:21,040
the world as a freelancer but you're always racing against the clock it's

51
00:03:19,760 --> 00:03:25,280
challenging but with the growth of the internet there's never been more opportunities for the self-employed to

52
00:03:23,920 --> 00:03:28,959
meet this need check out freshbooks cloud accounting software designed for

53
00:03:27,040 --> 00:03:32,640
the way that you work it's the simplest and easiest way to be more productive

54
00:03:30,560 --> 00:03:35,680
more organized and most importantly get paid quickly create and send

55
00:03:34,159 --> 00:03:39,120
professional looking invoices in less than 30 seconds set up online payments

56
00:03:37,760 --> 00:03:42,560
with just a couple of clicks and get paid up to four days faster see when

57
00:03:41,280 --> 00:03:45,840
your client has seen your invoice and put an end to the guessing games and

58
00:03:44,319 --> 00:03:49,280
right now freshbooks is offering a 30-day unrestricted free trial to our

59
00:03:47,760 --> 00:03:52,879
viewers to claim it just go to freshbooks.com techwiki and enter tech

60
00:03:51,599 --> 00:03:56,959
quickie in the how did you hear about this section okay guys thanks for

61
00:03:54,799 --> 00:03:59,920
watching techwiki like dislike check out other channels comment down below with

62
00:03:58,319 --> 00:04:02,799
video suggestions and don't forget to subscribe