WEBVTT 00:00:00.080 --> 00:00:08.000 Eight and a half years ago, I unboxed a pabyte of storage. It weighed over 150 00:00:05.680 --> 00:00:13.120 pounds, required multiple servers, and used an ungodly amount of power. Theo 00:00:10.719 --> 00:00:17.359 Joe asked me, "Why not simply use one pabyte drive?" We're not quite there, 00:00:15.120 --> 00:00:24.480 but we're getting very close. Each of the Kiosia LC9 SSDs in my hand holds 245 00:00:22.240 --> 00:00:29.679 terab of data. That means with just four drives, I can hold nearly a pabyte of 00:00:27.439 --> 00:00:34.640 storage [music] in the palm of my hand. That's thanks to the chonyy thick NAND 00:00:32.320 --> 00:00:40.719 packages that it uses that each contain a whopping 32 stacked dyes all wired 00:00:38.480 --> 00:00:44.719 together with gold. And behind me is the Kioskia fab that made them alongside the 00:00:43.120 --> 00:00:49.520 cutting edge nan flash that you might find in your other favorite electronics, 00:00:46.879 --> 00:00:54.559 mobile devices, and memory cards. It is one of the most advanced manufacturing 00:00:51.520 --> 00:00:57.520 facilities on Earth. And Kyogia was kind 00:00:54.559 --> 00:01:02.480 enough to sponsor this video and give us unprecedented access to their facility 00:00:59.760 --> 00:01:06.810 from the very top to the very bottom. I'm ready. Let's just see if Kyokia is 00:01:04.640 --> 00:01:08.830 ready. [laughter] 00:01:09.360 --> 00:01:13.080 Maybe I'm not ready. 00:01:20.400 --> 00:01:27.920 We're going to be taking you step by step through Kyokia's sprawling [music] 00:01:23.920 --> 00:01:29.520 Yokai plant that spans seven fabs over 00:01:27.920 --> 00:01:34.799 694,000 m [music] and even has its own tennis 00:01:31.520 --> 00:01:38.000 court. All so we can turn this into 00:01:34.799 --> 00:01:40.560 this. Every semiconductor's story begins 00:01:38.000 --> 00:01:45.119 with purified silicon. It gets melted in a vat into which a single seed crystal 00:01:43.040 --> 00:01:49.759 is inserted. [music] The vat gets turned while the seed crystal is pulled out, 00:01:47.040 --> 00:01:53.920 creating an enormous mono crystal. Now, the full-sized one would be too large 00:01:51.840 --> 00:01:58.079 and too cumbersome for me to carry, but I've actually got the top of one where 00:01:55.920 --> 00:02:03.439 you can see how a teardrop shape is formed as it is pulled out of the molten 00:02:01.040 --> 00:02:08.319 vat until it gets wide enough to grind down into the 300 mm diameter wafers 00:02:06.479 --> 00:02:13.040 that are used to make semiconductor devices. In the fab behind me are 00:02:10.479 --> 00:02:18.080 thousands upon thousands of these wafers ripping around on automated tracks in 00:02:15.520 --> 00:02:23.120 carrier pods called foops. Over the course of several months, each wafer 00:02:20.400 --> 00:02:26.959 will travel many kilometers, often over skyways between completely separate 00:02:25.040 --> 00:02:32.560 buildings and will go through thousands of manufacturing steps before becoming a 00:02:30.160 --> 00:02:37.120 finished chip. These fads take years to build, cost billions of dollars, and 00:02:35.040 --> 00:02:40.640 contain some of the world's most closely guarded secrets. The basics of 00:02:38.800 --> 00:02:44.239 semiconductor manufacturing are wellknown. Branch Education has an 00:02:42.640 --> 00:02:47.599 outstanding video on the subject. We'll have that linked down below. But what I 00:02:45.840 --> 00:02:53.120 want to focus on today are some of the specifics that make this fab especially 00:02:50.480 --> 00:02:56.120 tuned for crafting high density storage chips. 00:03:11.200 --> 00:03:16.800 Welcome to Y7. It's one of the cleanest 00:03:14.239 --> 00:03:21.120 places on the planet with so little airborne contamination that it would be 00:03:18.879 --> 00:03:25.840 about like having a single bee in a giant baseball stadium. This is 00:03:23.120 --> 00:03:30.400 incredibly important because just one single particle of foreign matter can 00:03:27.680 --> 00:03:35.200 spoil months of costly work. To create their cutting edge Bix Flash Generation 00:03:32.480 --> 00:03:40.560 8 memory cells, Kyioxia uses a process called plasma-enhanced chemical vapor 00:03:37.519 --> 00:03:42.959 deposition or PECBD. This allows them to 00:03:40.560 --> 00:03:49.519 turn chemical vapors in the vacuum chamber behind me into the 218 00:03:47.200 --> 00:03:53.599 intricate storage layers that give these chips their incredible data density. 00:03:51.519 --> 00:03:57.760 Plasma CBD operates at lower temperatures compared to conventional 00:03:55.440 --> 00:04:01.920 chemical vapor deposition, allowing its use on substrates that can't withstand 00:04:00.000 --> 00:04:06.720 higher temperatures. You probably noticed that this isn't the only machine 00:04:04.319 --> 00:04:11.280 here. For mass production, semiconductor fabs contain hundreds of machines, many 00:04:09.360 --> 00:04:15.439 performing the same functions, and they pack them in tight. That makes sense 00:04:13.519 --> 00:04:20.160 because clean rooms are extremely expensive to both build and operate. So 00:04:18.079 --> 00:04:23.440 the less you have to build, the more you save. So, how do they pack things so 00:04:21.919 --> 00:04:30.120 tight? To find [music] out, we'll be going somewhere I've never been before. 00:04:26.160 --> 00:04:30.120 Below the Fab. 00:04:30.639 --> 00:04:38.240 We're in the belly of the beast. Now, you know what they say, behind every 00:04:35.199 --> 00:04:41.440 great fab clean room is an almost as 00:04:38.240 --> 00:04:43.120 clean subf that contains the ancillary 00:04:41.440 --> 00:04:48.639 equipment that supports the manufacturing equipment above, including 00:04:45.840 --> 00:04:54.000 power, chemical supply lines, and in this case, a dry pump that creates the 00:04:51.199 --> 00:05:01.360 vacuum needed for our plasma CEVD machine that is right above us. But what 00:04:57.040 --> 00:05:04.240 about sub subf to optimize the layout of 00:05:01.360 --> 00:05:08.639 their fab? Kyokia is using an unusual second subfab which helps them avoid 00:05:06.880 --> 00:05:14.800 spreading their ancillary equipment out so much which improves equipment density 00:05:11.520 --> 00:05:16.080 and helps them avoid long ciruitous runs 00:05:14.800 --> 00:05:20.240 that can make maintenance more challenging. In this case, we're looking 00:05:17.919 --> 00:05:25.759 at gas neutralizing equipment, which treats the toxic gas that's exhausted 00:05:22.800 --> 00:05:30.320 from the CEBD equipment that is above us before it gets vented. Since we're down 00:05:27.759 --> 00:05:35.919 here, clean room air flow goes top to bottom. So fresh air comes in way up 00:05:33.280 --> 00:05:41.039 above where our plasma CVD machine was, then down through the fab, the subfab, 00:05:38.400 --> 00:05:47.199 and then ultimately gets drawn up down the sides of our sub subf before being 00:05:44.320 --> 00:05:50.960 sent back up to be filtered and reused. Coming back up to the main fab floor, 00:05:48.960 --> 00:05:55.199 we've got another really special treat for you guys. See, in traditional nan 00:05:52.800 --> 00:05:59.919 flash, your seamos logic layers would be manufactured on the same wafer below the 00:05:57.600 --> 00:06:05.280 flash memory cell layers. That sounds pretty good to me. Approved. But there's 00:06:02.880 --> 00:06:10.479 a small problem. The best conditions for manufacturing high performance SMOS 00:06:07.360 --> 00:06:14.000 circuitry and highdensity NAND are quite 00:06:10.479 --> 00:06:16.000 different. Kioxia solution. What about 00:06:14.000 --> 00:06:21.440 second wafer? That's right. [music] They produce the SMOS on an entirely separate 00:06:18.800 --> 00:06:25.680 silicon wafer and then literally sandwich them together with a nice 00:06:23.360 --> 00:06:30.160 shmear of copper that bonds the two layers together. It's called CBA or 00:06:27.919 --> 00:06:35.039 SIMOS directly bonded to array. And thanks to some very complex and precise 00:06:32.720 --> 00:06:40.080 engineering, Hya is able to create a lowresistance, high reliability bond, 00:06:37.759 --> 00:06:44.800 providing increased data density and performance. But wait, with two wafers, 00:06:42.720 --> 00:06:49.440 won't it be twice as thick? Yeah, it will. In fact, you can see it. And it's 00:06:47.600 --> 00:06:53.280 even noticeable just picking them up with my hands. How's that going to help 00:06:51.120 --> 00:06:58.560 with storage density? Don't worry, they thought of that. Once the two are joined 00:06:55.120 --> 00:07:00.880 together, they quite literally grind off 00:06:58.560 --> 00:07:05.199 the excess silicon on the top of the sandwich right down to [music] the flash 00:07:02.960 --> 00:07:09.599 cells. And then the processing continues. Wait, what? Surely this has 00:07:08.400 --> 00:07:14.720 got to go wrong [music] sometimes, right? Well, yeah. Let's visit the 00:07:12.560 --> 00:07:20.960 factory narc, the scanning electron microscope, and talk about AI. 00:07:18.560 --> 00:07:25.199 I'm not talking no content slop. It's actually super legit. I probably don't 00:07:23.280 --> 00:07:29.680 have to tell you guys that one of these wafers is worth a heck ton of money. So 00:07:27.599 --> 00:07:36.400 minimizing defects is the difference between huge profits and happy customers 00:07:32.960 --> 00:07:38.479 and rapid bankruptcy. That is where AI 00:07:36.400 --> 00:07:43.680 data analysis comes in. Kioxia is collecting data around the clock about 00:07:41.039 --> 00:07:47.599 35,000 data points per second and analyzing all of that manually is 00:07:45.520 --> 00:07:52.000 impossible. So, they've been using AI since well before the current trend to 00:07:49.680 --> 00:07:56.319 gain insights into how to improve their processes and maximize quality. Let's 00:07:54.160 --> 00:08:00.479 have a look at how this works. On this laptop are some example defects from the 00:07:58.560 --> 00:08:04.879 scanning electron microscope grouped up by AI according to their type. I'm going 00:08:02.319 --> 00:08:08.440 to try and guess what caused them. Wormhole fragments. 00:08:08.479 --> 00:08:15.000 >> Okay. Easter bunny tears. 00:08:11.520 --> 00:08:15.000 >> Dodo dandruff. 00:08:15.520 --> 00:08:22.319 Unfortunately, the real answers are very critical to Kyopsia's operations. So, 00:08:20.479 --> 00:08:27.360 they shall remain a mystery. You win this time, AI, this time. But next time, 00:08:25.599 --> 00:08:32.215 I'll challenge you to show me a seahorse emoji. Then, we'll see. Anywh who, by 00:08:30.720 --> 00:08:36.399 using this information about defects, [music] Kyokia can simulate fixes in 00:08:34.399 --> 00:08:40.719 their Fab's digital twin and then roll that into production to improve their 00:08:38.479 --> 00:08:44.880 product quality. Enough about the small stuff, though. I think the most 00:08:42.560 --> 00:08:49.440 impressive aspect of this facility is how big it is. We're standing on one of 00:08:47.120 --> 00:08:55.040 the Y7 FAD loading dock where FAD equipment can be lifted up to seven 00:08:51.680 --> 00:08:57.360 stories on cranes for deployment inside. 00:08:55.040 --> 00:09:01.839 It's 3 million square ft. And [music] that's not enough. They've already got 00:08:59.519 --> 00:09:05.440 plans to add even more capacity. [music] Mind-blowing. Of course, when you're 00:09:03.519 --> 00:09:09.040 operating at this scale, you run into all kinds of challenges that most people 00:09:07.440 --> 00:09:14.720 don't even need to think about. Below me, for instance, [music] is their on-site storage and management of gases 00:09:13.040 --> 00:09:19.120 and chemicals for semiconductor fabrication. Smells kind of like nail 00:09:16.399 --> 00:09:23.440 polish. And this is one of their on-site solar panel deployments that's part of 00:09:21.120 --> 00:09:29.600 Kioxia reaching their goals for green energy and sustainability. This one 00:09:25.839 --> 00:09:32.000 deployment has over 7,000 solar panels 00:09:29.600 --> 00:09:37.920 and can reach a peak power generation of over 2 and 12 megawatt. Another major 00:09:35.680 --> 00:09:42.000 environmental consideration for Kioxia is water. It's not the most intuitive 00:09:40.000 --> 00:09:46.880 thing in the world, but semiconductor manufacturing uses far more water than 00:09:44.240 --> 00:09:51.519 you'd think. And not just any water. In this glass is some of the purest water 00:09:49.040 --> 00:09:55.279 on the entire planet. It is so pure, in fact, that it is classified as a 00:09:53.200 --> 00:09:59.519 solvent. And in large enough quantities, it will actually extract minerals from 00:09:57.040 --> 00:10:02.880 my bloodstream. I asked Kyokia if I could drink some. And even though small 00:10:01.519 --> 00:10:07.839 quantities are unlikely to cause permanent damage, they forbade me. I was 00:10:04.880 --> 00:10:12.640 forbaded. So what do they use it for? Well, kind of everything from cooling to 00:10:10.160 --> 00:10:18.160 wet etching to the many, many washing steps. If you need computer chips, you 00:10:15.120 --> 00:10:20.880 need ultra pure water and you need ultra 00:10:18.160 --> 00:10:24.600 lots of it, which sadly means an ultra lot of waste. 00:10:27.120 --> 00:10:34.160 This is what it looks like after it's been used. The water behind me is full 00:10:31.120 --> 00:10:36.240 of acids, solvents, heavy metals, and 00:10:34.160 --> 00:10:41.040 all kinds of nasty things. But here's the thing, water is expensive, and also 00:10:38.800 --> 00:10:45.360 the environment is pretty cool. So, Kioxia puts a lot of effort into water 00:10:43.839 --> 00:10:49.440 reclamation. This tank is actually part of their 00:10:47.200 --> 00:10:53.600 older water filtration system for their older fabs, but it's a little bit more 00:10:51.680 --> 00:10:58.240 uh visual, so we thought we'd take you through it. This first stage agitates a 00:10:56.079 --> 00:11:04.000 mixture of waste water, biochemicals, and soil to facilitate easier filtration 00:11:01.200 --> 00:11:06.880 in the following stages. You know, they said I couldn't drink the ultra pure 00:11:05.440 --> 00:11:11.680 water, but they never said I can't drink this. 00:11:08.560 --> 00:11:14.079 No, no, I I I won't. I won't. The next 00:11:11.680 --> 00:11:18.880 stage is this gigantic mechanical skimmer vat that features a conicle 00:11:16.320 --> 00:11:23.760 shape, allowing all of the sludge to easily make its way towards the bottom 00:11:21.279 --> 00:11:27.519 while taking off the purest water at the top. And it's amazing what a difference 00:11:25.279 --> 00:11:33.680 it makes. This is the before, which you just saw me scoop out. And this is the 00:11:30.560 --> 00:11:35.600 after, which we pull right out of the 00:11:33.680 --> 00:11:41.040 edge of this tank. Next, it goes through a second stage of mechanical filtration 00:11:38.000 --> 00:11:42.800 where it becomes so clean that fish can 00:11:41.040 --> 00:11:47.760 live in it. But don't take my word for it. Take their word for it. This is the 00:11:45.519 --> 00:11:53.120 same water that is coming from that filtration station. And as you can see, 00:11:50.800 --> 00:11:57.680 there are koi living in it right now. Sort of like water canaries living in a 00:11:55.120 --> 00:12:02.640 silicon coal mine. But as cool as the old water treatment system is, the 00:11:59.519 --> 00:12:05.360 reclamation rate is only around 80%. 00:12:02.640 --> 00:12:09.839 which is okay, but it's not nearly as good as the new system that came 00:12:08.000 --> 00:12:15.519 alongside the new Fab. It's all enclosed, so we can't really show it to 00:12:11.600 --> 00:12:18.160 you, but it reclaims over 90% of all the 00:12:15.519 --> 00:12:22.639 water that's used that can be sent back into production for various purposes. 00:12:20.399 --> 00:12:26.959 Now, let's jump back inside. So, now that it's out of the fab, our wafer is 00:12:24.720 --> 00:12:33.200 done and ready for human consumption, right? Well, not so much. See, using 00:12:30.399 --> 00:12:39.200 Kyokia's Bix Flash Generation 8, this little square right here is up to 2 00:12:35.600 --> 00:12:42.720 terabt of storage, which means that if 00:12:39.200 --> 00:12:45.680 we wanted to make an 8 terbte package 00:12:42.720 --> 00:12:49.760 like their latest dies, we would need 32 of these stacked on top of each other, 00:12:47.440 --> 00:12:54.560 which would get pretty thick pretty fast. That is where [music] backside 00:12:52.160 --> 00:12:58.800 grinding comes in. We take this wafer and put a protective layer on top of it 00:12:56.639 --> 00:13:04.000 to keep all of our precious nan flash safe. Then we put it in the machine 00:13:00.800 --> 00:13:06.720 behind me and grind away the back until 00:13:04.000 --> 00:13:13.760 it goes from being stiff like this to being middle-aged like me. In total, we 00:13:10.320 --> 00:13:16.560 go from about8 mm down to anywhere from 00:13:13.760 --> 00:13:21.120 30 to 40 microme depending on the process. Much better for stacking. 00:13:18.639 --> 00:13:25.680 Stacked on what, you might ask? On the substrate, of course. On the bottom of 00:13:23.120 --> 00:13:30.560 this is what will ultimately be the BGA interface that will allow this nan flash 00:13:27.760 --> 00:13:36.399 to be soldered to a phone or laptop or SSD. And then on the top is where we're 00:13:33.440 --> 00:13:44.480 going to create stacks of these dyes up to 32. Oh my god, it's beautiful. 00:13:42.720 --> 00:13:48.399 Of course, before we can do that, we need to cut them up. And that's where 00:13:45.920 --> 00:13:53.600 dieing comes in. The thinned wafer gets mounted to one of these frames. And then 00:13:50.959 --> 00:13:57.519 a diamond blade is used to cut out all the individual dyes. Now, let's talk 00:13:55.360 --> 00:14:05.040 about wiring them up. Every one of those stacks is connected using dozens of tiny 00:14:02.000 --> 00:14:08.079 golden wires, about a quarter of the 00:14:05.040 --> 00:14:11.199 thickness of a human hair. It's fed off 00:14:08.079 --> 00:14:14.000 of a spool like this, into a tiny sewing 00:14:11.199 --> 00:14:18.639 needle-ike capillary that touches every contact point. You barely bake out what 00:14:17.199 --> 00:14:23.600 it's all connected to with the naked eye. So, I won't try. Kioska helpfully 00:14:21.440 --> 00:14:27.920 provided this microscope to give us a much much better look. And you can see 00:14:25.919 --> 00:14:31.920 [music] where every wire connects to the substrate. And then look at this. We 00:14:29.680 --> 00:14:36.959 turn it this way. Wow. We get a really good view of the stack. That's 00:14:34.320 --> 00:14:42.560 incredible. Incredibly fragile. How do we keep this safe? 00:14:40.000 --> 00:14:48.880 Inside this machine, trays get loaded with resin. It starts in a powdered form 00:14:45.120 --> 00:14:51.680 like this. Then our bonded dyes go face 00:14:48.880 --> 00:14:57.279 down onto the resin and the whole thing gets moved into these high temperature 00:14:54.800 --> 00:15:02.560 waffle irons. Then after a short cooling cycle, our now resin protected die 00:15:00.320 --> 00:15:05.600 stacks are shoved out the front of the machine. In a mass production 00:15:04.160 --> 00:15:10.800 environment, these would move to the next stage in an automated fashion. But 00:15:08.240 --> 00:15:15.920 this is a small scale prototyping lab. So, our trays of very expensive 00:15:13.600 --> 00:15:22.000 bookmarks comes out of the machine onto the cart and then off to our next step. 00:15:19.600 --> 00:15:27.600 Behind me is a shaker tray that's full of these tiny little solder balls. This 00:15:24.560 --> 00:15:30.079 vacuum head comes over it, sucks up 00:15:27.600 --> 00:15:34.160 solder balls, and then carries them back to the backside of our substrate, 00:15:32.000 --> 00:15:38.160 precisely placing them on what will be the contact points where our nan flash 00:15:36.240 --> 00:15:43.440 will be soldered to a board. The solder balls get melted in the oven behind me. 00:15:40.320 --> 00:15:45.839 Then our trays get cleaned and dried. 00:15:43.440 --> 00:15:50.399 Laser engraving. Every one of these packages gets etched with the batch 00:15:48.000 --> 00:15:54.399 number except oh, one of them is actually missing its markings. That's 00:15:52.000 --> 00:15:58.079 because at some point that package was tested and found to be defective. 00:15:56.560 --> 00:16:02.720 Whether it's one of the dyes, one of the stacks, or one of the wire bonds, we 00:15:59.759 --> 00:16:05.839 don't know. But it's no bueno. So it doesn't get a name. These machines are 00:16:04.399 --> 00:16:10.399 wild. They can do a whole one of those trays in 60 seconds. 00:16:08.639 --> 00:16:16.079 Now it's party time. This machine slices, she dices, she cleans with ultra 00:16:13.920 --> 00:16:20.320 pure water, and even takes the dice packages and arranges them nicely on a 00:16:18.000 --> 00:16:24.320 tray. Pretty much ready for final delivery. What about the bad ones with 00:16:22.000 --> 00:16:30.279 no engraving? They get dumped down the garbage shoot 00:16:26.000 --> 00:16:30.279 right here. See you later. 00:16:31.040 --> 00:16:36.560 Now, it's time to turn our tray of packages into a final product. Now, 00:16:34.480 --> 00:16:41.920 these could go directly onto the motherboard of, say, for example, a 00:16:38.720 --> 00:16:44.959 phone or a laptop, but in this case, 00:16:41.920 --> 00:16:47.440 it's going onto a high-performance SSD. 00:16:44.959 --> 00:16:51.920 Step one, we load in our blank PCBs. Then, it goes through the PCB cleaner 00:16:49.199 --> 00:16:56.959 and into this bad boy, which lowers a metal screen over top of the PCB and 00:16:54.560 --> 00:17:01.360 then slides a squeegee across it, depositing just the right amount of 00:16:58.880 --> 00:17:05.360 solder paste onto all of the pads. Next, it goes into this machine for a machine 00:17:03.199 --> 00:17:11.280 vision inspection. You can actually see it spotted one little tiny error in the 00:17:08.400 --> 00:17:14.799 solder paste. So, that's no big deal for this kind of thing. We can just pull it 00:17:12.959 --> 00:17:18.160 out and run it through again. Once our paste is perfect, our board goes into 00:17:16.720 --> 00:17:23.120 this line of pick and place machines. And they said, I can press the start button. They're not the latest on the 00:17:21.199 --> 00:17:26.720 market, but they'll do about 2,000 components in 10 minutes, which is fine 00:17:25.120 --> 00:17:30.720 for the prototyping line that we're looking at today. And you can actually 00:17:28.240 --> 00:17:35.200 see where the reels of tiny surface mount components are fed in and then 00:17:33.039 --> 00:17:39.600 placed rapid fire. Down at the end, we find the biggest components. So, right 00:17:36.799 --> 00:17:44.240 here we have our DRAM caches. And then in these two bays are trays of nan 00:17:42.400 --> 00:17:48.400 flash. Now, it's time for another inspection before our boards go into 00:17:46.480 --> 00:17:54.720 what I call the world's fanciest pizza oven. This mamajama has 10 heat zones 00:17:51.600 --> 00:17:57.360 slowly ramping up and then towards the 00:17:54.720 --> 00:18:01.600 end ramping down. This is because rapid changes in temperature can make BGA 00:17:59.520 --> 00:18:06.559 solder joints more brittle and a brittle solder joint is a bad solder joint. Next 00:18:04.000 --> 00:18:10.320 comes the pizza cooler. Then a third machine vision inspection. Finally, the 00:18:08.480 --> 00:18:15.600 finished boards come over to assembly where you load your chassis onto the 00:18:11.919 --> 00:18:18.559 assembly jig and zippity zappity fancy 00:18:15.600 --> 00:18:23.440 SSD. But there's one other environmental consideration for Kyia and it's a big 00:18:20.799 --> 00:18:27.840 one. Earthquakes. With such high precision manufacturing, how do they 00:18:25.280 --> 00:18:32.799 deal with the roughly 1,500 earthquakes that hit Japan every year? To find out, 00:18:30.799 --> 00:18:37.840 we've ventured all the way down to the basement of one of the FABs to take an 00:18:34.960 --> 00:18:42.240 in-person look at the gigantic footings that suspend the entire building above 00:18:40.400 --> 00:18:45.919 the ground. They're made out of four different types of materials. This one's 00:18:44.240 --> 00:18:49.919 made of natural rubber, I think, and these softest ones go around the outside 00:18:48.400 --> 00:18:53.760 perimeter of the building. And [music] then there are three other kinds that 00:18:51.760 --> 00:18:57.120 play different roles in maintaining the seismic stability of the entire fab 00:18:56.000 --> 00:19:01.679 because you never know what kind of earthquake you're going to get. Some are more up and down, some are more side to 00:19:00.240 --> 00:19:05.600 side, and you got to be ready for anything. The building we're under is 00:19:03.360 --> 00:19:11.520 supported by nearly 400 of these footings that allow it to move up to 60 00:19:08.160 --> 00:19:12.799 cm or about 2 ft in any given direction. 00:19:11.520 --> 00:19:18.559 Now, obviously, they're going to have to recalibrate their equipment to make sure everything's running correctly, but it's 00:19:16.080 --> 00:19:22.080 meant to dramatically reduce the impact. Maybe the coolest part though is if you 00:19:20.320 --> 00:19:27.520 look carefully in the basement, you can see a little slit of daylight. And this 00:19:25.200 --> 00:19:32.960 is where it's coming from, where this entire building is completely decoupled 00:19:30.559 --> 00:19:38.400 from the foundation by those dampers here. Check this out. 00:19:36.400 --> 00:19:43.919 You can't see it, but I moved it a little bit. Like just a little. Massive 00:19:41.840 --> 00:19:47.280 thanks to Kioxia for having us out here. It really puts into perspective the hard 00:19:45.919 --> 00:19:51.039 work that goes into bringing these products to life. I don't think I'll 00:19:48.960 --> 00:19:55.679 ever take for granted the performance or storage density of Nan Flash ever again. 00:19:54.080 --> 00:19:59.600 If you guys want to learn more, you can check them out at kioxia.com. We'll have 00:19:57.840 --> 00:20:02.559 them linked down below. If you guys are looking for another video to watch, why 00:20:01.200 --> 00:20:06.960 not check out the time we collaborated with Kyia to break a Guinness World 00:20:04.799 --> 00:20:11.120 Record calculating more digits of pi than anybody ever has before.