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anyone who's ever had to pack for a trip has probably known the frustration of

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trying to cram almost a suitcase worth of stuff into a backpack I mean sure we

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could suck it up and leave a few items behind or haul around our bulky luggage

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with us if they're so important but if we did that then our bag won't fit in

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the overhead compartment anyway and all we're trying to bring is a few extra

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pairs of underwear just in case we eat some bad tandoori chicken well that got

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gross but other than that was pretty much a perfect analogy for why data

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compression became so important to reduce storage requirements and to

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improve transfer speeds over standard connections these packaging services are

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kind of like our roommate who catches us standing on our bag trying to zip it up

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and says you know you uh can just roll

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your laundry and save like a ton of space right and as it turns out when we

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try it for ourselves the smug little turd is right not only does all of our

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stuff now fit but we even have more room to cram with stuff we'll never use like

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that copy of ET the Extraterrestrial that we definitely don't watch every

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night and cry back on topic obviously

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data can't be rolled in quite the same manner as slightly pre-worn laundry so

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coding Engineers devise algorithms capable of breaking down longer strings

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of data into shorter ones then reassembling them later using what

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they've retained an easy way to describe this would be like breaking down the

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equation 2 * 2 * 2 2 * 2 * 2 into 2 to

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the 5th power which is much faster to write and simpler to articulate but lus

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I actually know a thing or two about coding and uh one of those things is

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that the use of exponential symbols is simply not possible well first off

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thankfully we weren't roommates in college I mean talk about smug second

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you're correct as well while it is possible to write a command string which

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describes an exponential function it usually isn't much of a space saver so

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maybe a better way to demonstrate how a compress algorithm works is to use

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something like a string of x's and o's or zeros and ones if you're catching the

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similarities here let's say we have a string of eight digits which is spelled

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out as XXX o XXX now an algorithm may

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look at this and decide that every time it comes across a new digit it will

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replicate it and then note how many times it's been repeated this would

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cause our string to transform into the smaller x302 X3 while this did reduce

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overall size it only managed to do so by 25% which which isn't exactly going to

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allow us to cram our drives full or transfer large files over the Internet

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more efficiently that's where more specifically designed algorithms will

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come in to strip the code to its most basic form instead simply adding all the

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X's together by treating each as a value of one then listing all the O's followed

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with a digit count as before then we end up with a string that would look like

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3023 which we can now see as half the size of the original code now obviously

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this example is rudimentary at best but it gives an idea of how mathematicians

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are able to achieve and then further improve upon this feat as time goes on

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now this example would be known as lossless compression all of the original

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data remains intact and is a requirement

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for programs or documents but if you're

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willing to give up some detail in the original file lossy compression

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algorithms can be used for media files like music and movies as long as you

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understand that the tighter you cram it the lower the playback quality you'll

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experience which you can actually learn a little bit more about here in our

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video specifically about video compression speaking of compression no

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important all right thanks guys for watching this video like it if you liked

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