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Just about 20 years ago to the day, my wife, Yvonne, took me shopping for my birthday.

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My present, a window-mounted air-conditioning unit

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that I promptly disassembled on the lawn so that I could chill my gaming CPU

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to sub-zero temperatures. She a keeper or what? Anyway, it's my birthday again,

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and this time I decided to spend a little more

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on my air-conditioner. How much? 30.

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Oh, that's actually a thousand. What? We already have numerous exotic coolers,

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including an industrial water chiller right there. Why did you spend $30,000 on this one?

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Because seeing this unique item,

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hand-built by overclocking legend, Charles Fuggerworth,

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is what inspired me to learn about sub-zero cooling in the first place,

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which is what led to my PC tuning obsession, which is what led to me standing here today.

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And you know what the craziest part is? His price for this thing, like literally,

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me one that inspired me. It's not even unfair.

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While most chillers use a single compressor and refrigerant,

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this is a cascade system and uses a total of three compressors,

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not to mention unobtainium gases to reach ungodly low temperatures.

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This very unit has been used to set countless performance records over the years,

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including live on stage and until launch events.

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And it comes with an extra special perk,

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hand delivery from the man himself. Charles, who flew up here to help me unbox it,

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verify that it works, and talk me through what makes his creation,

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arguably, the greatest CPU cooler on the planet.

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You got my money, right? Uh, no, but you know who does?

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Our sponsor. I'm gonna pick some muscle.

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They're pushed on a screwdriver to not strip them out.

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Are you saying you don't think I have muscle? Yeah. What is it with everyone who's a guest on this channel?

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And they just immediately open with the sick burns.

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Next, are you gonna ask me if I can reach all the way up there? I should get you a little stool.

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You're not even that much taller than me. I am so excited.

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I haven't even seen a picture of this thing since back when I was like browsing extreme systems.

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Now, I dreamed back then of commissioning you one day

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to build something like this for me. And I remember you did a handful of commission builds,

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if I recall correctly, but like really a handful.

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How many of these have you actually built? 22 stages, one, this is the only three stages I built.

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So you're saying this is a completely unique item then?

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Correct. Only a very few of these have been attempted in the world.

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And what is the difference just further uninitiated

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between a two-stage and a three-stage? Well, most of the two stages

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have never really achieved 100 below zero Celsius.

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And as far as this one achieves 100 below zero, actually it exceeds 100 below zero.

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I mean, architecturally, two stages versus three stages,

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what's the difference in the level of complexity having two compressors, one kind of cooling the first,

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versus having three, one cooling the next one,

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cooling the next one? The guesstimates getting the third-stage gas,

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the uptending of the third-stage gas, first of all. You can get like a poly-cold or the Revco units

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and try to work with one of those three-stage gases, but you won't have the capacity.

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You'll have to buy several of them or have to supplement the third-stage gas and you won't have the capacity.

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So if I wanted to build like a sperm storage unit or something like that,

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I could get like a nice low temperature or something. Or a freezer, yeah.

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Right, but if I want to cool something that is actively kicking out 500, 600 watts of heat.

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Correct, correct, correct. I need this. Correct, yes.

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This is the only one. Right. I gotta tell you, I didn't realize how heavy it was.

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Yeah. Before we started, I gave it the old, okay, it couldn't be that.

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It's really freaking heavy. Literally, it's this or a vehicle.

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Everything about this thing screams

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hand-built in the best possible way.

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When I originally built this, I didn't have very much refrigeration experience, so I built all of my lines as the crow flies.

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I've been many, many, many years. I perfected everything as I went. Now, you said that others have attempted three phases.

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Yes. Has anyone succeeded that you know of?

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No, not with the balance.

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I've seen some other attempts, but I've never actually seen it in use.

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I'll get ready to catch it.

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Don't drop it on me, hey? All right, I'll hold it.

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Thanks. You can hold 350 pounds, right?

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Oh, yeah. This is light work.

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Now, I couldn't help noticing, Charles, that my brand new purchase has some dust and rust on it.

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No, it doesn't. What did this thing was? 25 years, 26 years.

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So she's been around the block. Been around the world, twice, three times now.

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How would you rate this packing foam, Linus? Zero out of 10?

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Oh, well, let's hope I got here in one shape.

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That's fine when you made it here. When it's crate-chipped like this, realistically,

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that's not doing anything, it's just sitting on top of it. I'm just having fun at work.

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I know, I'm sorry, sorry, sir.

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That's better.

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I'm waiting for the camera to stop rolling. Keep it rolling. Stop it.

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You can't hit me while it's rolling. I guess.

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Sorry, how many power cords? Three.

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How much power does this thing draw? 45 amps, at max.

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Over 5,000 watts? Could be. What do you mean could be?

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So why does it need to draw 5,000 watts when it's only cooling 500 watts?

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Yeah, professor. Overkill.

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I didn't want to undershoot, that's okay.

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Okay, but in all seriousness, there are efficiency losses,

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especially as we make our way through multiple stages.

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So our main stage, our biggest one that cools the second,

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that in turn cools the third, has to be absolutely enormous, monstrous overkill

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from my understanding then. Well, here, let's get it up on the table,

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and then maybe you can walk us through where all the gases flow,

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in order to make it work its magic. Here, I just want to get this under it,

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so maybe we can get some fingers under it so we can maybe lift it. Oh God, I don't want to get fingers under that.

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Oh wow, you really don't, because Charles, in his infinite wisdom,

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built it with sharp corners. It's designed that way, so you get a nice clean cut.

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Right, if it's a poor cut, it's hard to attach again.

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You want to take it off right at the segment. No, it's just for the stitches go clean.

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Are we doing okay? We're doing great. Let's get Linus's end on first,

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because he's by himself. I'm good.

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You're good? Yeah, I'm good. Okay, put your corner down. Okay.

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My fingers are now being squished, but that is okay. Do you need help?

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My fingers were stuck. It's good.

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No. Okay, there's stuff in here. You just,

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I'm glad you're here to tell me how it works. I found the three compressors,

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and I found the cold end that goes on the CPU.

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I found what looks like a K-Probe or something like that.

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That's a K-Probe? Perfect, so that's going to tell us what the temperature is at our VAP head.

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I'm going to need you to kind of walk me through it. So where's our first stage?

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This is our first stage compressor. This is a Danfoss SC-12 MLX, low temp compressor.

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It's basically a half horse compressor. So basically this is for sub zero temperatures.

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And it has R507, it's a common gassage you can use for refrigeration.

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So this gets about 40 below zero. And it runs into our heat exchanger back here,

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which is an electron brace plate heat exchanger, 40 plate. Okay, so then normally, right,

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you would have your condenser side,

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which is where you have your fans and your aluminum fins or whatever, right?

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And then you would have your evaporator side, which would, in the case of like an air conditioner,

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more aluminum fins and a fan that blows the cold air into the room for you to enjoy.

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Or in the case of our refrigerant based CPU cooler,

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it would go to the evaporator head, which would go to your CPU, but we're not doing that.

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Because this is a multi-stage, we're taking our cold side, our evaporator side,

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and we're going to a heat exchanger. So then that means this inside here

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is the cold side of stage one, and the hot side of stage two.

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So that refrigerant, which for stage two starts

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at negative 40C on the hot side.

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Okay, where does that go? Well, the hot side goes into the, it's called a desuper heater first,

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before it even goes into the heat exchanger. So I'm actually stripping off the heat

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before it goes into the heat exchanger. Oh, to make it easier for our first stage to cool it.

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To condense, correct. Oh, God. I'm bringing it down to ambient. So we pre-cool it.

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Correct. Brilliant. So where does it go from there?

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It actually goes into the expansion valve. Okay.

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And it goes into the second stage compressor. There's an expansion valve on this side. This is a pressure expansion valve.

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Yeah. And it has a little knob on the side over here

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that you can adjust. And... I won't. No, you don't have to.

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It's already preset. Oh, good. And then I don't see another heat exchanger.

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Oh, it's all built. It's all inside of here. Oh, so you're telling me then

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that we actually have two heat exchangers in here. Correct.

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One that is using the first stage to chill the hot side of the second stage to minus 40.

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Correct. And then one that's using the cold side of the second stage, minus 80, you said?

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Yes. To cool the hot side of the third stage?

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Yes. Which is at minus 80 Celsius.

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Now this, my understanding goes, is where kind of the black magic and the tuning

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and the unobtainium gases really come into play.

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Correct. Condensing the third stage gas. Okay. So I did notice that our third stage compressor,

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which is this guy over here, looks a little gruntier.

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No, it's exactly the same. They're all the same compressor. Wait, it looks bigger.

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No, it's all the exact same. Okay. I need to use whatever trick it's using with my wife.

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Ha ha ha ha. I did notice there are a few components

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that we haven't talked about much. Okay. We didn't mention the oil separators.

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Correct. What's their role in this system? To keep the oil separated from the system

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because we're working at temperatures that are sub zero and when you get the oil inside the lines,

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it can cause flogging and that'll cause the system to fail

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and you don't want the system to fail. No, I don't. One of the major problems that I had with my cascade

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was system volume. And one of the early things I did with the create system volume was I pig-tailed my line

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trying to think that I was adding volume to my system by adding- Oh, just making them a helix.

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Kind of like you do on the traces of a PCB to make sure that all the traces to the memory slots

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are at the same length, for instance. Right, but I'm trying to add volume to the system

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by adding more length to the thing, but I wasn't very knowledgeable at the time.

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But in time, I realized I could get suction accumulators

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and add more volume to the system. And so what these do is these are like right before

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the line set and they add more volume to the system.

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Okay, so these are just a giant reservoir, essentially.

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Reservoir, exactly. Of refrigerant gas. Correct.

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Wrap my brain around this one. And this time I don't actually know the answer before I'm asking you.

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How does having a large volume of the gas

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that isn't actively participating

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and being cooled as far as I can tell, it's not insulated.

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How does that help us? Boy, oh boy, oh boy. I don't know how to explain this

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that you guys can understand it. Oh.

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Damn! Damn!

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I always had capacity issues.

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And I always had to add more gas to the system.

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And I had a problem with adding more gas and then having the pressures on the system too high.

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So in order for me to add more gas and not have the pressures too high,

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I had to increase the volume.

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And so by adding the suction accumulator, solve that problem.

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So it's almost like buffering you against pressure volatility, in a sense.

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Like what role is it playing in there? More gas.

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I need more gas to go to the block. Okay, but if the gas isn't actively being...

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More liquid. I need more liquid to go to the block. So it gives you just more fluid overall

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because liquid is so much denser than gas.

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But then when you weren't running it,

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the pressure would be astronomical because it's all in its gashes form.

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Right. Well, I had to put more gas in the system and the pressure would go up higher.

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And then I went into like a... Understood.

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This just gives us enough. So realistically, when we're running,

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this is not like high density gas storage at that time

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because so much of it is in liquid form. But this gives it somewhere to go

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when it all becomes gas. Right. Okay, I think we got it.

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Yes. See, I could understand that. Yeah, great explanation.

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There is one thing we missed. Yes.

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Do I need to pay attention to these? Like if these go to the red line,

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do I freak out and pull all the plugs I like? No, no, no.

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These just let me know, like if the second stage and the first stage are running, so if my pressures go up, I can pull the plugs.

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Basically, when we shipped it, I could, you know, like when you took the picture,

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I can know if the gases leaked or not.

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In the future, like we can mark the pressures right now

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and like a year from now, we can see if we lose the pressure and we can charge the system.

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Right, but not the third stage. I mean, do you have a bottle of the third stage?

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No. Sure, yeah, yeah, yeah.

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No. It's kind of making it sound like there's a bit of a,

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like fire up procedure for this. Correct, there is a procedure for firing up.

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Can we do it? You want to fire it up? I mean, yeah.

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Okay, do we pull some cords and we can fire it up? All right, so this is going to take about 10 minutes

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to come down. Well, are these labeled? No, I just know, but we'll label them before we go.

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What should I be monitoring here? I mean, obviously I can see some of my fluid

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flowing through here, am I looking at pressures? How do I know when it's down to temperature?

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Okay, so right now we just got to wait a few minutes and we're going to watch for some ice build up

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on the first stage. The ice will build up right here on the backside of the suction line.

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Okay. And so once we get a little bit of ice built up on there, we can fire up the second stage compressor

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and we watch for the same thing on the second stage compressor, we watch for a little bit of ice building up on the back of the second stage compressor.

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Now riddle me this, if someone were to irresponsibly

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fire the second stage compressor when we are not cooling

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the first stage, what happens? I don't know, never done that.

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Neat. Now let's say I don't like learning things the hard way.

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Right? Where are the do not touch no touchy places?

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This would be one of them. Oh, there's a thing that was burned on there.

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Yes, this would also be one of them. Yes. And this would also be one of them.

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Okay. That's the only three spots that are danger zones.

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Oh, look at that, hey, we're frosting. Now, should I care about that at all?

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Like a little drip and rust? No, no, no, once I fire up the second stage,

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that'll evaporate. And I assume the second stage is the middle one? Yep.

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Good assumption. All right. Go for it. Okay, it's a little bit not quite straight, but hey,

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aren't we all? Okay. So when I plug in this third stage, this spot, this one, actually this one's gonna drop.

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Yeah. And then about 15 or 20 seconds later,

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this is gonna start to drop. Oh, the temperature at the evap head for the third stage.

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And this is where we cool our CPU. Okay.

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There we go. Big moment. Here we go. It's not that flat, Charles.

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What do you mean? I just mean, you know, the quality of the workmanship.

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It's perfectly flat. The quality of the workmanship is just, you know, it's a.

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Sub-zero. In all seriousness, when you have this level of cold

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up against the CPU, the macro flatness of the surface

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does still matter. You don't want like a big bump coming out of it

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that's giving you bad contact, but little pock marks like that,

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they don't actually matter. You might want to resurface it. Oh, whoa.

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She's really going now. So it'll stop around negative nine until we put a load on it.

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Negative 90. So you're saying it goes lower when we put a load on it?

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Yeah. This is a thermal expansion valve on this side here. The more load we put on it, the more it'll open the valve.

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You're at negative 69, baby. Whoa, buddy. It started sublimating.

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So you're saying if I licked it, that would be bad. Your tongue would stick to it instantly.

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Oh, that's so tempting. Yeah, we have to give you one to the hospital.

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What are we at? Negative 90? Negative 83. Oh, we still got boys to go.

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Oh, okay. Oh, okay. So we would wait until she's completely down to negative 90

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before we put a load on her. We don't have to. It doesn't matter. It will just expansion valve and then.

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Yeah. Wow. Eh, eh, eh.

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Woo. It's snowing, boys.

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So when this is bolted to the CPU and the CPU is put under full load, this will drop about one or two degrees,

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maybe even three degrees. And another critical thing

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that is so cool about this system is that it won't go up.

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So our temperature stability compared to basically any other solution is unheard of.

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Like even when you're dealing with liquid nitrogen, for instance,

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one of the big hassles of overclocking with LN2 is that you are constantly micromanaging

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the liquid nitrogen in your pots because you don't actually want your CPU

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necessarily at negative 150 degrees.

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That can be problematic. You can run into cold bugs. So you got to like, you got to bring it up

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in order to boot. You got to put it back down when it's time to do your run.

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With this system, we're just

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Exact. At minus 90 all the time.

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Idle, load, doesn't matter. No bulls***, no micromanagement.

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One thing I don't have to deal with is crashing a lot.

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So once we're stable, we're good to go for the full bench session.

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We can bench for 16 hours straight and like crash once or twice.

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Okay. Now it's going to be a separate video, but can we tease them a little bit?

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Can you show us one of these golden chips, which had been rumored for many years to exist.

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It's been rumored that reviewers get golden samples,

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hand selected by Intel. That's bulls***. We don't.

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He does. Can I see one? Sure, sure.

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Well, it looks like any other 1400KS.

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How do you know it's special? It's probably been like one of...

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Some number. Now, when you have a chip of this quality,

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I don't think it's a big secret that Intel has had some degradation challenges

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with their 13th and 14th gen silicon. Do you kind of do the early testing

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with your sacrificial lambs and then save your best chip

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for like when it's time to break the record? Yes. Okay.

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I guess my only last question then is why on earth are you selling this?

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I'm going to build another. I already started. Oh.

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So actually, I'm kind of funding V2 then in a way.

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Are you using the proceeds to fund the next one?

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Yes. All right. It's the second one going to be so much better

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that I'm going to feel like I need a new one. You're going to have to tell me

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because it's going to be yours.

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Wait, what? Yeah, I'm building you a second one. I know I haven't told you yet,

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but I had to break it to you somehow. You are?

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Do you know about this? No. Does anybody know about this?

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Really? Oh, we're building you a second one.

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When was this decided? I thought we were building you a second one.

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Yeah. Oh, not a three stage though. Oh, okay.

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What? We're building a single stage, I guess.

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What? It just needs another $30,000. Oh, yeah.

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Okay, no, no, but what? No, no, I'm sorry. Hold on.

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What's the plan? We're building a single stage. Oh, we're talking about that.

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Right. Yes. A custom single stage. Yes.

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Exotic single stage. We actually have a couple more things coming.

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So this is setting up a whole series with Charles.

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We're doing the unboxing here. Part two, we're gonna set some world records.

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Part three, I'm gonna do an everyday

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sub-zero CPU and GPU build for home.

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That's what you're talking about. Yeah, and plus, I'm gonna build another three stage

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myself. For yourself, okay. Most likely, I'm gonna build a two stage.

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I'm happy to be part of the journey no matter what you build next

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because I just love seeing enthusiasts

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go out of their comfort zone and just do cool shit like this.

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And it's been such a pleasure to have you here and it's gonna be such a pleasure to continue

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to have you here as we work our way through all of the incredible sub-zero adventures

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we have planned. Well, thank you for helping me on my journey and your proceeds will definitely go towards

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another build and I'll make sure it's better than this one. And you know what else is gonna be better than this one?

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Some future segue to our sponsor. If you guys enjoyed this video,

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why not check out the first time that I got to play around with refrigerant cooling

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with the LDPC V10, I think it was from little devil.

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It was a PC case that had a single stage CPU cooler

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built into the basement of it. It was woefully impractical, but very cool.