WEBVTT

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we've gone from playing text-based zork on a machine that weighs as much as a

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child to having 4k video cameras in our

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pockets in the space of only about 40 years and a huge reason behind that is

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that we've been able to fit more and more transistors into our processors

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over the years transistors are the tiny building blocks of electronics that form

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logic gates enable your gadgets to think these days we've gotten accustomed to

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transistors that are somewhere between 5 and 20 nanometers wide that's

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5 to 20 billionths of a meter to power our electronic toys

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to put that into perspective cpus with 600 nanometer transistors came on the

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scene in 1994 meaning they've shrunk by over a hundred

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times since then which has enabled us to build processors that are far more

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powerful but now we're getting to the point where transistors are so small

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that we may have to start measuring them in terms of angstroms rather than

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nanometers and although this might sound like just another marketing move there

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are a couple of reasons behind it as the transistors get this small

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it becomes impossible to express their sizes in integers anymore if you stick

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with the traditional nanometer system it just doesn't go that low each time we

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shrink down to a new size of transistor or process node the amount the size

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decreases also sounds less impressive in other words going from 22 nanometers to

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10 is just as important as we're moving from 600 to 250. so as we get down below

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two nanometers generational improvements might not sound like a big deal if we

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express them as having transistors that are only a fraction of a nanometer

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smaller but in reality it's a big increase of the number of transistors

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actually on the chip Intel already has plans to switch to the angstrom system

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and they're on record saying that they want to start producing 20a chips in

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2024 that's the same as two nanometers team

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blue is planning for 18 angstroms to follow the next year and to put that

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into context a single silicon atom is

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about two angstroms in diameter so chip manufacturers are quickly starting to

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run up against the limits of silicon as a base material Intel plans to pull this

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off by redesigning transistors to be more space efficient such as with their

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gate all-around approach which you can learn more about in this video the

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general objective behind gate all around is to give the chip greater control over

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current flow which can be a problem with such small transistors as well as

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enabling transistors to be stacked atop each other more easily allowing for the

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chip maker to cram even more transistors into a CPU another key to the process is

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extreme ultraviolet lithography or euv

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which uses shortwave uv light to etch smaller and smaller transistors into the

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silicon Intel has been slow to adopt euv compared to samsung and tsmc and the

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fact that there are only a handful of euv machines in the world and just one

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company makes them hasn't helped but Intel is expected to be the first

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company to get their hands on a high na euv machine which provides the type of

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uv light that's needed to etch such tiny transistors

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of course Intel doesn't have the best track record when it comes to getting

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new chip designs off the ground but they're hoping this new manufacturing

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process will help them avoid delays such as their well publicized difficulties

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with their 10 nanometer chips all of this being said

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one thing to keep in mind is that the exact numbers being slapped onto cpus

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like 10 nanometer and 20 angstrom

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aren't exact there actually isn't an industry standard method of measuring transistor

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sizes meaning that AMD's 10 nanometer and Intel's 10 nanometer

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aren't exactly the same Intel for their part is subtly

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acknowledging this by simply naming upcoming nodes until 7 Intel 5 Intel 3

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and Intel 20a without actually including nanometer or

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angstrom or anything like that in the official designation but regardless of

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exactly how small their newer processes will be

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Intel is hoping that its new chip designs will not only make them more

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competitive with AMD but also with samsung and tsmc team blue is hoping

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that by using newer euv tech to make more power efficient chips they'll be

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chosen as a contract manufacturer of smartphone cpus a key area that Intel

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hasn't tried to compete in in many years

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rip adam mobile i just hope it doesn't lead some kind of

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fanboy war where one day mobile gamers scream at each other and youtube

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comments over Intel versus samsung chips thanks to MSI for sponsoring this video

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check out MSI's spatium m480 pci express NVMe SSD that's a lot of letters but uh

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second and write speeds up to 6.8 gigabytes per second it features

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for both desktops and notebooks and comes with a five year warranty learn

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more today at the link below thanks for watching guys like dislike check out our

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other videos like maybe stacking chips maybe

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what was that other Intel one we did larry anyway don't forget to subscribe

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and follow and maybe comment some video suggestions of your own below