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this is a

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computer or at least back in the 1930s

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40s and 50s the person operating it was a computer you see back then a fully

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automatic calculator like this one was

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mindblowing allowing people to add subtract multiply and divide large

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numbers without the use of pen and paper these days that's all done

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electronically but when Richard a local fan reached out and said hey I've got

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one of these we jumped at the chance to become the very thing we love the most

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computers thanks to Signal RGB for sponsoring this video signal RGB is a

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when I was in school teachers would insist we learned to do long division by

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hand because you're not going to be going around carrying a calculator

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everywhere you go well jok's on you miss

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Parsons cuz now everyone is doing exactly that and trust me this baby does

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long division but back in the '90s Miss Parsons could be forgiven for thinking

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that pocket calculators wouldn't be as ubiquitous today seeing as many older

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folks back then may have grown up with something a lot more like this the

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freeden stw10 if we were to go back another 30 years there's a good chance

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we'd find one of these chunky Boys on an accountant's desk in fact you may have

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already seen something like this either online or in a stirring historical drama

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like hidden figures no it's not a typewriter although it does sort of

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share some similarities there's a sliding Carriage on top and a large set

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of keys on the body but these are all numbers and there's no ink or paper

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needed at least not any that you insert into the machine itself the first set of

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mechanical number displays on the carriage is the accumulator row which

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can display results up to 20 digits long for reference most pocket calculators

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today only display around 8 or 10 and my phone can enter up to 15 digits before

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it starts using exponents the role below that is the counter register it serves a

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couple of different functions just like how our new indoor sweater from LTT

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store.com keeps you warm and boosts your confidence don't quote me on that the

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first function is how it acts as an item counter when adding or subtracting and

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the second is operations counting when multiplying or dividing you can lock

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these rows or clear them with some button

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presses or you can use one of these guys down here to set where the decimal

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starts for division I want to start it

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there now down here one numpad would be

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Bush leag so we got two uh this little

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one over here is used only for entering multiple cans more on that later and the

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big one is used for everything else each

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digit has its own column and you enter your total value by pushing down Keys as

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they would appear on paper so for example for 1337 we push them in order

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like this 1 337 if any column has nothing pressed

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that counts as zero it's a little confusing at first but you get used to

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it pretty quickly everything is housed in a shell made of what we think is

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aluminum covered in plastic that's pretty easy to take off and there's a

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giant pad of foam underneath to keep this mechanical beast from shaking your

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table to death I mean this thing is

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heavy oh I'm doing math I feel smarter

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you can see on the inside it's basically a giant mish mash of Gears levers

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Springs and arms it it's like mechanic

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spaghetti in there it is incredibly complex and the amount of engineering

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that went into something like this is absolutely insane there were earlier

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models like the 1941 freed and h8 but these were often limited to addition and

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subtraction and weren't driven electronically the stw10 came out a few

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years later and gave simple computers like us the ability to multiply and

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divide big numbers easily hey what do

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you say we crunch some numbers so to add you enter a value on the main main pad

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and add it to the top row like this bam now we enter whatever number we

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want to add to that number by entering new values and pressing the add button

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again so what it's actually doing is setting a value on a number of dials and

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then ticking everything up by the new value in sequence it's a lot like how

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you would do paper math adding each digit until there's an overflow then

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adding the Overflow to the end if we want to subtract it's basically doing

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the exact opposite by starting with a value and then decreasing it in

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sequential order by the new value multiplication Works in a similar way

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it's basically just addition in groups

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except this time we get to use the cool multiplicand numpad I've been waiting so

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long this one actually works like what you'd see in a modern calculator where

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you enter each digit serially from left to right and it brings up your value on

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this little display here next we enter our multiplier on the big numpad

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press The Malt key and look at it

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go that is so cool we'll get some slow-mo footage but as it's going you

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can basically watch it in real time working through the numbers brute

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forcing addition of our multiple cand as many times as I've told it to because

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again I am the computer division is

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basically the same thing but backwards like subtraction enter your first number

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on the big keypad set your decimal place and hit

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enter dived this puts the carriage to where it

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needs to go according to our decimal point clear the keyboard if it didn't

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automatically and enter your divisor on the same

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keypad now we're going to have to hit both of these divide Keys we'll get to

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why there are two in a moment but for now look at it go

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man that never gets old just like hitting that subscribe button never gets

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old we've got our eyes on an anti- kther a mechanism video in the future that you

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don't want to miss now for the most part this should just work it crunches

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through the numbers to the nearest decimal point and gives us our result

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which is uh uh give me a

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sec 33.3 repeating of course but if you were to

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accidentally divide a number by zero the machine can get stuck in an infinite

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Loop what back in the 40s and 50s if a

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room of accountants or something was using automatic calculators without this

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handy div stop function we have right here there'd actually be a guy in the

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room whose job it was to basically just listen for this infinite Loop and walk

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around resetting machines

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now this bad boy is pretty well lubed thanks to Richard did you lube it up oh

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yeah oh yeah but rapidly moving metal moving for a long time gets really hot

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so if there was no button or no Button Man you'd find out what was at the end

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of that infinite Loop molten

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destruction at this moment you're probably screaming at me at the top of

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your lungs Riley why does this have two division buttons why I'm going to need

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you to calm down by the time Division and multiplication were added someone

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else had already beaten freden to the punch and patented a single button

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division system preventing freden from including it in this model if you press

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only the left division button the division will take place but you'll get

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only the 10 complement of the expected result now the stw10 was only designed

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to do addition subtraction multiplication and division but some

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Masters of the Universe actually figured out how to get square roots on this

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thing how you ask

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Wizardry uh tin in so in order to

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actually do a square root on a calculator like this you have to follow

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a number of different types of algorithms to actually do it these

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machines don't have a push square root button but math has developed algorithms

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that you can use to quickly calculate a square root on a machine like this or on

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paper or anywhere else for this machine the algorithm that we we're looking at

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using is the sum of odd squares for our sake it works and I'll take you through

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the steps of how it works for this 69420

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first up you move your Carriage all the way over and make sure that it's aligned

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with the 10 digit of your number then you enter plus five

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times now clear off and move the

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carriage all the way over now we'll go through and actually get into the weeds

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of calculating this number out you put a five in the next column over this is the

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column we're actually calculating on and you start subtracting away as we're

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going through each increment we're essentially adding another one of the

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odd numbers through some math magic but as we're subtracting away subtract one

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subtract two that's when you know that's the number you're looking for you add it

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back shift The Carriage over one shift

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the five over one and start again and this is where it starts getting a little

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bit repetitive but it

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works there's another underflow add it

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back clear the five move it over shift

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the carriage and

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again underflow add it back clear the

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five move it over ship the carriage and

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subtract

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they underflow it back and repeat in

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this particular algorithm we're breaking it up by individual digit similar to

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like what you do on paper so we're starting with the biggest number and

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slowly shifting our way down as we move on and that's an easier way to try to

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handle numbers that are five plus digits long especially for a square root carage

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and now that we're on this last line we can't move the five over anymore but we

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just clear off shift over the carriage and do the same step again just without

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the extra five and now we've done the square root

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but where's the answer we have a whole bunch of different numbers on the board

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for this it's actually the board itself we have two 6

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3 47 6 7 5 4 one so this kind of shows the

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power of you know interesting approaches to try to solve calculations that used

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to take minutes hours days in an order of magnitude less time how long would

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that take you to do on paper I'd have to learn how to do it on pen and paper

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first so what happened to calculators like this well freden sold thousands of

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these things primarily to accounting and insurance companies and then ended

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production of the stw10 in 1966 as the

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ec130 a transistor calculator with a 13-digit capacity started taking over

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freden was bought out by by singer known primarily for their sewing machines at

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the time and eventually died off in the 70s as pocket calculators like this one

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hit the market I mean as awesome as this

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absolute unit is it's pretty obvious why

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these started winning out 12872

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multiplied by 437 and

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go yeah uh sorry freen uh still love you

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if you want to try and buy one of these and try and restore it yourself they

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seem to go from anywhere between $2 and $500 if you can find one you'll also be

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lucky if yours arrives in perfectly working condition if you want any tips

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on restoring or using them make sure to check out Richard on Twitch twitch.tv/

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scobot asaurus we'll have that as well as any affiliate links down below thanks

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to Bessie Footwear for sponsoring today's video Bessie Footwear is known

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using Code Linus Tech tips at the checkout thanks for watching everyone if

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you enjoyed this video make sure to check out our model M video the greatest

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keyboard of all time reborn in which lonus stole my jacket and now I have it

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back screw you man