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everything you learned today will be irrelevant in six months that's what one

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expert told me about micro lead or micro led the emerging display technology

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that's supposed to offer all of the benefits of OLED like deep blacks and

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practically instantaneous pixel response times without any of the drawbacks that

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oleds are notorious for like low brightness short life span and of course

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burn in micro lead is everywhere at ces 2020

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both from brands you know and some you don't but i have some questions like why are

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all these first displays so huge are they really gonna completely replace

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OLED and most importantly what needs to happen before riley can

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get his car drive down to best buy and pluck a 65-inch micro lead off the shelf

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answers to these questions and more right after this message from our sponsor pulseway if you enjoy getting

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all the different micro led screens on the show floor seem to have two things

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in common they're huge and they all use a modular structure so

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instead of being one big piece of glass like the tv in your living room these

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led video walls are made up of smaller screens called cabinets that are say 27

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or 36 inches diagonal these cabinets can be arranged in any funky configuration

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or aspect ratio that you want and they're electronically independent of

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one another meaning one part of the screen shining at full brightness for

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example does not make another part of the screen dimmer like it does on lcd or

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OLED because the cabinets aren't sharing a single input current and a rapid

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samsung even told me that the cabinets are hot swappable so if one cabinet died

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in the middle of you watching a movie you could theoretically pull it out grab

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a new one and replace it without ever having to stop the movie not bad now

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technically if you wanted to increase the resolution of your led video wall

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all you'd have to do is add more cabinets and potentially more of the

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controllers that the cabinets plug into on the back since any screen that's 3840

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pixels wide by 2160 pixels tall is 4k

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uhd right well sort it but that doesn't help riley

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get his 65-inch micro led tv does it no for that we have to stuff more pixels

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into a smaller area in other words we have to decrease pixel pitch

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that's the center to center distance between neighboring pixels and it's one

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of the key specs of the cabinets that make up the led walls the prototype

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75-inch 4k wall that samsung has at their booth right now at cs 2020 has a

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pixel pitch of 0.43 millimeters for example however decreasing pixel pitch

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can actually impact black levels because the space between pixels is usually

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covered with a shader basically it's a black plastic that absorbs light the

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less space between pixels the less black there is for you to look at that's one

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reason why samsung adds an optional dark coating to the cabinet's surface

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even though it makes the display more reflective which messes with the micro

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leads otherwise perfect viewing angles hey wait a second james did you just say

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that samsung already made a prototype 75-inch micro lid that's tv size

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can't they just put that all in one screen screen instead of a bunch of

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cabinets and call it the world's first micro led tv well mister they actually

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could do that today sure it would be ridiculously expensive

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but these modular video walls are expensive too

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the reason everyone's taking this modular approach is because it actually

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makes business sense to do that today

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because for every one rich guy's house where you can install a samsung wall or

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a sony crystal led the kind of rich guy who could afford our theoretical tv

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there's a hundred literally 100 business

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customers who want a large led video wall often costing even more money

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okay smart guy if it's really about money then what has to happen before

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micro led tvs are cheap enough for me on my internet tech news host salary

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the answer my mustache friend has to do with three manufacturing constraints

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wafer cost throughput and yield

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similar to cpus micro leds are grown on

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wafers each wafer is covered in dyes which represent the micro leds but take

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a second to appreciate how many dies this is a 4k tv has over 8 million

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pixels and each pixel is gonna need at least three micro leds for RGB red blue

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and green factor in our old friend pixel pitch and

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you've got millions of dies with unused space in between them taking up valuable

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wafer real estate to the tune of about five thousand dollars for one 55-inch

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screen compare that to about 400 bucks for an

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OLED but that's not all all of those dies have to be picked up by a stamp and

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then moved over to the tv substrate a process called mass transfer

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the stamp moves back and forth and back and forth for all the dyes in a process

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that currently takes hours that low level of factory throughput is

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just unacceptable when you're talking about a mass market product like tv is

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where you need to be able to make millions per year but hold on because it gets even worse

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once all the dyes are transferred only then can you turn the display on so to

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speak to see how many of them are actually working yields of 99.5

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are attainable now but that's not enough because if 0.5 of 24 million dies are

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broken you have to fix over 1.2 million

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dies meaning a little laser has to then move over each dead led and replace it

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reducing throughput by a few hours more but remember when i said everything you

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learned today will be irrelevant in six months even while here at ces companies

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have announced manufacturing techniques that aim to drastically cut the cost of

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micro led production so who knows if we're lucky maybe even at ces 2021 when

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riley's mustache is just a little more silver samsung will show a prototype

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micro led tv of that precious man's dreams

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sleep well little prince

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