did you know that part of your gaming monitor or big screen TV was actually
grown in a vat it looks like a micro Brewery but this is actually a chemical
reactor creating Quantum dots the tech that's not only responsible for raising
the color accuracy bar in millions of displays but also the key technology
behind Samsung's still unreleased QD OLED displays the new best display you
can get today I'm going to show you how Quantum dots are made in America in this
crazy facility what role they're playing and bring micro LED displays to Market
and why ultimately Quantum dots themselves might make OLED and micr Leed
displays obsolete as for who our sponsor
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whether it's a monitor or an LCD TV you may be watching this video on a display
with Quantum do enhancement film that's the term that nanosys the company
responsible for every quantum dot product that's ever been brought to
Market gives to this the polymer film containing red and green Quantum dots
that's placed among the Myriad filmed fil filters and diffusers that
manipulate light on its way to your eye but what about these Quantum dots is
quantum exactly are they just super small actually it has to do with the
principle by which they operate Quantum confinement each quantum dot is a
molecule that will trap or confine energy for as long as it can before
letting it Escape in the form of colored light the color of the light that's
ejected by the quantum dot is precisely related to its size give the energy a
lot of room to Tire itself out and it'll emit a low freeny light like
red give it less Runway and it'll emit a higher energy green light mixing a
solution of red and green Quantum dots along with a clear polymer creates these
sheets which have made the HDR content we love far more stunning and color
accurate they take the wide band of colors that comprise the white light of
a typical LCD backlight and isolate just the true red and True Green Light
discarding the adjacent unwanted colors like orange and lime and other colors
that aren't even fruits what comes out from the other side of this film then is
a new white light made with cleaner ingredients that the LCD can then
pixelate with its RGB sub pixels it
smells like hot oil in here the great thing about Quantum dots is that you can
change their size and therefore the color they emit Super incrementally 1
nanm steps and this is done simply by changing the temperature that they're
cooking at for example the blue quantum dot crystal is only 100 atoms and in a
barrel of blue quantum dot material that now nanosys ships to its customers folks
like Samsung display and Boe every quantum dot in that 16gal Barrel has to
be 100 atoms this seemingly impossible feat is accomplished through chemical
selfassembly which is automated with this badass industrial equipment and
this badass industrial software it's basically a chemical reaction where each
atom is deposited into its Crystal site by another chemical which becomes the
byproduct that's later discarded the chemical reaction is endothermic which
means it requires energy so they just heat the reactor because the outside of
this reactor is made with a material similar to the heat shields Nasa uses we
can't see what's going on inside but we can see the wavelength emitted by the
growing crystals because of an optical probe that's plunged inside the super
hot liquid now this reactor is called Corey and this one right here is called
Shelly and that speaks to the multi-step process the dots go through where in the
first reactor the core of the quantum dot is created and then later a shell is
grown around it this helps eliminate defects that exist on the core which is
important because a defective quantum dot won't eject its energy creating
excess heat that could degrade or yellow the enhancement film surrounding it next
the quantum dots are purified and chemical byproducts are removed before
the final step Li exchange the liquid lians that are cured by UV light to form
a solid structure in a Quantum do enhancement film may require different
properties than say the liggans used in Quantum do in that needs to shoot out of
an inkjet printer head that's right ink
the next gen quantum dot displays hitting the market in 2022 are not LCDs
with enhancement film they OLED displays with Quantum dots printed directly onto
the OLED emitters and here's why that's a really big deal current big screen
oleds are technically W oleds and LG makes them all the emitters are red blue
and green mixed together to create white the sub pixels use color filters to
split that white light back out because the colors aren't very pure and the
voltage required to drive the organic emitters to high brightness is damaging
to them we're talking burin and short lifespan that's why there's a fourth
clear subpixel that just shines white light through these nextg oleds though
which Samsung calls QD oleds don't need a white pixel in order to get high
brightness they use only blue emitters and they shine them through red and
green Quantum do ink for a color conversion not filtering now we haven't
seen a finished product yet get subscribed for when we do but these
displays should be brighter longer lasting and have better viewing angles
than anything we've seen so far super exciting stuff I just I can't wait but
James you might say why would I buy a QD OLED when microed is right around the
corner is nanosys putting its eggs in the wrong basket actually they're in
every Basket in early 2021 nanis acquired glow a leader in the
development of micro LEDs but I'll be honest at first I didn't understand how
micro Le could benefit from Quantum dots since a micr Le display should already
have tiny RG and B LEDs that it turns on
and off at will and they do but have you ever wondered why the microled TVs that
are available today are so huge it's because the pixels are so big and they
have to be big because of the D and led the diode at the center of a pixel the
diode can efficiently create say blue but at the edges of a pixel where the
material has been snipped off in order to conform to the pixel shape the diode
gets a lot less efficient and in some cases won't emit any light at all but it
will produce heat reducing durability this isn't a big deal if the pixels are
large since there's more juicy emitting area compared to the edge area but that
ratio changes as the pixels get smaller red and green are particularly affected
by this issue so if you're talking about a very small display like in a pair of
glasses where you need it to be super battery efficient while also having
having a really really bright display so you can see everything on a sunny day
well the limits of mini LEDs can quickly make them nonviable put some Quantum do
color converting ink on those diodes though and suddenly the problem is far
more tractable as is the manufacturing and cost of big screen micro LED
TVs oh my God how do you do this
cool I got one
yeah and finally there's the long game Quantum dots that are not charged by
shining a light on them but instead are directly connected to the display's thin
film transistors replacing LEDs and yeah
I'm sure the performance would be awesome but the real disruption from
these devices would be in the cost and the manufacturing right now virtually
all commercially available oleds are created using evap atively deposited
materials in a giant grossly expensive
vacuum chamber the limitations of these Chambers is why TVs come in the sizes
that they do it's why the motherg glass they're cut from is the size it is and
it's why display manufacturing has been a state sponsored Enterprise up until
this point first in Japan then Korea and now China but once a flagship display
manufacturing plant can be made for 10% of the cost private Equity can build a
Fab and oddly shaped display panels for say German cars can be produced in
Germany Supply chains will be less susceptible to Major disruption like
they are right now and there will be more competition in display
manufacturing with more Innovation but for now the all the Innovation is
happening here in California at the nanosys research and Manufacturing
facility so huge thanks to these guys for letting us in behind the curtain and
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at the links below if you're looking for something else to watch check out kind
of the part one to this video the future of TVs we talk more about nanosys and
backlights and everything and all that good stuff in that video check it out I
think this went really well high five