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did you know that part of your gaming monitor or big screen TV was actually

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grown in a vat it looks like a micro Brewery but this is actually a chemical

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reactor creating Quantum dots the tech that's not only responsible for raising

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the color accuracy bar in millions of displays but also the key technology

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behind Samsung's still unreleased QD OLED displays the new best display you

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can get today I'm going to show you how Quantum dots are made in America in this

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crazy facility what role they're playing and bring micro LED displays to Market

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and why ultimately Quantum dots themselves might make OLED and micr Leed

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displays obsolete as for who our sponsor

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last get yours today at the link below

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whether it's a monitor or an LCD TV you may be watching this video on a display

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with Quantum do enhancement film that's the term that nanosys the company

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responsible for every quantum dot product that's ever been brought to

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Market gives to this the polymer film containing red and green Quantum dots

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that's placed among the Myriad filmed fil filters and diffusers that

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manipulate light on its way to your eye but what about these Quantum dots is

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quantum exactly are they just super small actually it has to do with the

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principle by which they operate Quantum confinement each quantum dot is a

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molecule that will trap or confine energy for as long as it can before

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letting it Escape in the form of colored light the color of the light that's

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ejected by the quantum dot is precisely related to its size give the energy a

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lot of room to Tire itself out and it'll emit a low freeny light like

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red give it less Runway and it'll emit a higher energy green light mixing a

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solution of red and green Quantum dots along with a clear polymer creates these

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sheets which have made the HDR content we love far more stunning and color

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accurate they take the wide band of colors that comprise the white light of

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a typical LCD backlight and isolate just the true red and True Green Light

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discarding the adjacent unwanted colors like orange and lime and other colors

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that aren't even fruits what comes out from the other side of this film then is

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a new white light made with cleaner ingredients that the LCD can then

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pixelate with its RGB sub pixels it

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smells like hot oil in here the great thing about Quantum dots is that you can

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change their size and therefore the color they emit Super incrementally 1

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nanm steps and this is done simply by changing the temperature that they're

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cooking at for example the blue quantum dot crystal is only 100 atoms and in a

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barrel of blue quantum dot material that now nanosys ships to its customers folks

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like Samsung display and Boe every quantum dot in that 16gal Barrel has to

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be 100 atoms this seemingly impossible feat is accomplished through chemical

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selfassembly which is automated with this badass industrial equipment and

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this badass industrial software it's basically a chemical reaction where each

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atom is deposited into its Crystal site by another chemical which becomes the

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byproduct that's later discarded the chemical reaction is endothermic which

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means it requires energy so they just heat the reactor because the outside of

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this reactor is made with a material similar to the heat shields Nasa uses we

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can't see what's going on inside but we can see the wavelength emitted by the

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growing crystals because of an optical probe that's plunged inside the super

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hot liquid now this reactor is called Corey and this one right here is called

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Shelly and that speaks to the multi-step process the dots go through where in the

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first reactor the core of the quantum dot is created and then later a shell is

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grown around it this helps eliminate defects that exist on the core which is

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important because a defective quantum dot won't eject its energy creating

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excess heat that could degrade or yellow the enhancement film surrounding it next

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the quantum dots are purified and chemical byproducts are removed before

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the final step Li exchange the liquid lians that are cured by UV light to form

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a solid structure in a Quantum do enhancement film may require different

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properties than say the liggans used in Quantum do in that needs to shoot out of

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an inkjet printer head that's right ink

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the next gen quantum dot displays hitting the market in 2022 are not LCDs

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with enhancement film they OLED displays with Quantum dots printed directly onto

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the OLED emitters and here's why that's a really big deal current big screen

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oleds are technically W oleds and LG makes them all the emitters are red blue

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and green mixed together to create white the sub pixels use color filters to

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split that white light back out because the colors aren't very pure and the

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voltage required to drive the organic emitters to high brightness is damaging

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to them we're talking burin and short lifespan that's why there's a fourth

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clear subpixel that just shines white light through these nextg oleds though

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which Samsung calls QD oleds don't need a white pixel in order to get high

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brightness they use only blue emitters and they shine them through red and

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green Quantum do ink for a color conversion not filtering now we haven't

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seen a finished product yet get subscribed for when we do but these

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displays should be brighter longer lasting and have better viewing angles

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than anything we've seen so far super exciting stuff I just I can't wait but

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James you might say why would I buy a QD OLED when microed is right around the

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corner is nanosys putting its eggs in the wrong basket actually they're in

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every Basket in early 2021 nanis acquired glow a leader in the

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development of micro LEDs but I'll be honest at first I didn't understand how

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micro Le could benefit from Quantum dots since a micr Le display should already

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have tiny RG and B LEDs that it turns on

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and off at will and they do but have you ever wondered why the microled TVs that

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are available today are so huge it's because the pixels are so big and they

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have to be big because of the D and led the diode at the center of a pixel the

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diode can efficiently create say blue but at the edges of a pixel where the

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material has been snipped off in order to conform to the pixel shape the diode

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gets a lot less efficient and in some cases won't emit any light at all but it

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will produce heat reducing durability this isn't a big deal if the pixels are

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large since there's more juicy emitting area compared to the edge area but that

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ratio changes as the pixels get smaller red and green are particularly affected

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by this issue so if you're talking about a very small display like in a pair of

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glasses where you need it to be super battery efficient while also having

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having a really really bright display so you can see everything on a sunny day

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well the limits of mini LEDs can quickly make them nonviable put some Quantum do

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color converting ink on those diodes though and suddenly the problem is far

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more tractable as is the manufacturing and cost of big screen micro LED

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TVs oh my God how do you do this

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cool I got one

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yeah and finally there's the long game Quantum dots that are not charged by

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shining a light on them but instead are directly connected to the display's thin

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film transistors replacing LEDs and yeah

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I'm sure the performance would be awesome but the real disruption from

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these devices would be in the cost and the manufacturing right now virtually

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all commercially available oleds are created using evap atively deposited

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materials in a giant grossly expensive

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vacuum chamber the limitations of these Chambers is why TVs come in the sizes

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that they do it's why the motherg glass they're cut from is the size it is and

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it's why display manufacturing has been a state sponsored Enterprise up until

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this point first in Japan then Korea and now China but once a flagship display

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manufacturing plant can be made for 10% of the cost private Equity can build a

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Fab and oddly shaped display panels for say German cars can be produced in

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Germany Supply chains will be less susceptible to Major disruption like

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they are right now and there will be more competition in display

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manufacturing with more Innovation but for now the all the Innovation is

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happening here in California at the nanosys research and Manufacturing

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facility so huge thanks to these guys for letting us in behind the curtain and

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at the links below if you're looking for something else to watch check out kind

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of the part one to this video the future of TVs we talk more about nanosys and

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backlights and everything and all that good stuff in that video check it out I

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think this went really well high five