WEBVTT

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hey how do microwave ovens work and more importantly how do the microwaves stay

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in the microwave the simple explanation is that microwaves are actually too big

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to get out of the oven but we can do better than that so let's dig a little

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deeper into this hot pocket of science

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microwave radiation has several Key properties that make it useful for

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cooking first it's not too risky to use at home because it's a form of low

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frequency non-ionizing radiation like radio waves

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infrared and visible light this is opposed to dangerous high energy

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ionizing radiation like X-rays and gamma rays that have a relatively High chance

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of damaging DNA and causing cancer and a small chance of transforming you into a

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giant green rage monster that's not to say that microwaves can't hurt you after

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all humans are much like hamburgers in the sense that we are both made of Flesh

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at high enough levels microwaves can cause Burns and other physical damage

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which is why it's important to keep them contained second microwaves interact

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with polar molecules which are made of both positively and negatively charged

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atoms causing them to spin the extra energy from the spinning then radiates

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from the molecules as heat in the case of food these are typically water

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molecules where the oxygen atom has a positive charge while the two High

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hydrogen atoms have a negative charge but microwaves don't interact much with

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other kinds of molecules they really just bounce off them meaning that

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microwaves can be easily contained by say a small closed metal box that's how

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microwaves heat just the food and not the surrounding air or the sides of the

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oven this is also why it's not a good idea to run a microwave oven while it's

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empty without the water molecules and food to absorb the microwaves they can

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end up damaging the device's electronics over time as for putting metal in the

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microwave well it won't make the device explode but pointed metal objects might

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spark due to electric charge building up at the tips which incidentally is also

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why Guy Fieri's hair always looked like that but hey what about that window

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electromagnetic radiation like radio waves and microwaves can pass through

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glass right well we'll explain how that works right after we think Tailwind for

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why microwave ovens don't melt your face off when you look in the window is

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because they're essentially a kind of Faraday cage that blocks electromagnetic

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waves above a certain size from getting in or out you've probably noticed that

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the window of a microwave door has a fine mesh embedded in it those holes are

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more than big enough for visible light to escape like a mouse darting out of an

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elephant pen but they're way too small for the microwaves to get through

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microwaves are quite a bit bigger than waves in the visible light spectrum

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which are only around 400 to 700 nanometers long the microwave spectrum

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is from a millimeter to 30 centimeters or about 12 inches microwave ovens use a

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frequency around 2.45 gigahertz which results in waves around 4.8 inches in

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size which is way bigger than these holes these are simply not

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microwave-shaped holes a microwave oven is typically only unsafe if the door no

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longer seals the device has a hole in it or it has been modified to run with the

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door open as an ammo saving way to defend your compound in a zombie

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apocalypse it's also an unsafe place to store elements like radium that emit

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gamma radiation because gamma waves are small enough to get through the holes in

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the door's mesh I'm hoping that none of you are currently storing radium in the

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microwave but if you are please stop and don't worry about opening the door

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immediately after cooking microwaves travel extremely quickly so they'll be

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absorbed into the food long before the door opens although waiting for a little

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bit does have the advantage of allowing any hot spots to dissipate more evenly

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throughout the food but that's up to you and how much of an appetite you still

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have after I made you think about cooked zombies just now

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that was a tech Wiki and it's over now thanks for watching like the video if

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