WEBVTT

00:00:00.080 --> 00:00:06.319
now any theoretical physicist on the street these days will tell you that

00:00:03.919 --> 00:00:11.120
quantum processors are the next logical step in the evolution of mathematical

00:00:08.639 --> 00:00:15.599
computations but for those of us just barely capable of tying our own shoes

00:00:13.440 --> 00:00:19.520
many questions spring to mind what does theoretical physics have to do with

00:00:17.119 --> 00:00:22.880
improving processor performance is this going to end up benefiting me in any way

00:00:21.279 --> 00:00:27.680
that is actually relevant and most importantly will this next leap finally

00:00:25.199 --> 00:00:30.880
be the one that takes me home oh boy

00:00:29.039 --> 00:00:35.360
unlike classical processors which use transistors to create digits of binary

00:00:33.360 --> 00:00:40.800
code called bits which are represented in the familiar form of zeros and ones

00:00:38.239 --> 00:00:45.520
quantum processors use atomic sized structures such as a single freaking

00:00:42.960 --> 00:00:50.719
electron and produce coded units called qubits which have the unique capability

00:00:47.920 --> 00:00:54.719
of being both the values of zero and one simultaneously more on that later to

00:00:52.719 --> 00:01:00.000
accomplish this engineers utilize extreme cold conditions and magnetics to

00:00:57.680 --> 00:01:03.920
manipulate the natural polarity field within the electron and bring it to a

00:01:01.920 --> 00:01:08.159
position where it rests in alignment with the artificially created magnetic

00:01:05.920 --> 00:01:13.520
flow this resting state is referred to as spin down and would be similar to a

00:01:10.880 --> 00:01:17.520
zero value in classical coding when the electron is forcefully going against its

00:01:15.760 --> 00:01:22.159
natural inclination to rest with the flow of the magnetic field or its polar

00:01:19.759 --> 00:01:27.280
south has been spun to the top position that is called spin up which you guessed

00:01:24.720 --> 00:01:31.439
it represents a 1 in traditional binary speak let me use an analogy to clarify

00:01:29.680 --> 00:01:34.960
imagine you're a child back on the playground sitting on the swings if

00:01:32.960 --> 00:01:38.799
you're just sitting there exerting no effort letting gravity hold you in place

00:01:37.040 --> 00:01:42.400
this could be considered the spin down position now let's say you were to

00:01:40.640 --> 00:01:46.720
accomplish the dream of every child around the world and manage to be all

00:01:44.240 --> 00:01:50.240
the way vertical up above the bar spin up would be the point at which you

00:01:48.079 --> 00:01:54.799
reached the apex of your swing and gravity was working its hardest to pull

00:01:52.560 --> 00:01:58.560
you violently back down to the earth now as i mentioned earlier qubits have the

00:01:56.640 --> 00:02:03.200
unique potential to end up representing both a one and a zero in code value

00:02:01.200 --> 00:02:08.399
simultaneously which you could imagine in our previous scenario would be like a

00:02:05.759 --> 00:02:12.160
swinger sitting at the 90 degree mark directly between the ground and the sky

00:02:10.560 --> 00:02:16.400
but just like gravity would make it impossible to stay at that position for

00:02:13.920 --> 00:02:20.000
more than a fraction of a moment the electrons which drive the quantum

00:02:18.080 --> 00:02:23.520
processor have forces preventing them from sitting still as well in fact that

00:02:22.319 --> 00:02:27.760
might be underselling it a little bit because thanks to the quantum mechanical

00:02:25.599 --> 00:02:31.440
phenomenon known as superposition the electron is actually moving in all

00:02:29.440 --> 00:02:35.440
directions simultaneously before the moment it is measured so in order to

00:02:33.680 --> 00:02:39.280
quantify information derived from an electron spinning out like a roided out

00:02:37.280 --> 00:02:43.680
hamster in a ball engineers first determined the basic spin value as

00:02:41.280 --> 00:02:47.680
previously described then they use mathematical probability scales which

00:02:45.440 --> 00:02:51.040
calculate the likeliness the electron was actually spinning in the indicated

00:02:49.280 --> 00:02:55.760
direction and then arrive at two separate numbers for each scenario which

00:02:53.040 --> 00:03:00.959
are the processor's outputs for instance one might receive something like a 70

00:02:57.920 --> 00:03:04.560
probability up and 30 down or as you now

00:03:00.959 --> 00:03:06.879
see both zero and one at once if not at

00:03:04.560 --> 00:03:10.879
least two varying degrees this form of measurement coupled with the electrons

00:03:08.800 --> 00:03:14.800
unique physical properties lead to a quantum processor's two main advantages

00:03:13.280 --> 00:03:19.280
over a classical one so here's the summary part first since the electrons

00:03:17.280 --> 00:03:22.879
are spinning at such an indeterminable rate and direction they are also

00:03:21.200 --> 00:03:26.959
potentially capable of running an indeterminable number of processes at

00:03:25.280 --> 00:03:31.280
remarkable speeds secondly since two measurements are

00:03:29.040 --> 00:03:36.319
needed to quantify each qubit value as opposed to the standard one transistor

00:03:33.599 --> 00:03:40.879
per bit rule the increase in computing power for quantum processors is an

00:03:38.319 --> 00:03:44.799
exponential one in other words when one qubit tells two friends they tell two

00:03:43.040 --> 00:03:48.000
friends and then they tell two friends and i'm gonna run our fingers on my

00:03:46.319 --> 00:03:51.920
hands really fast here until you reach the measly range of 500 qubits where

00:03:50.400 --> 00:03:55.760
you've generated more possible processors than there are particles in

00:03:53.680 --> 00:04:00.640
the known universe but now to the downside or the spin

00:03:58.159 --> 00:04:04.480
downside as it were while quantum processors may have more

00:04:02.640 --> 00:04:08.879
computing power than the whole known universe plus he-man because of all the

00:04:06.799 --> 00:04:13.519
insane amounts of effort it takes to isolate manipulate and quantify

00:04:11.360 --> 00:04:18.079
something like an electron in its spin these computers would likely only see a

00:04:15.920 --> 00:04:21.840
benefit when running intense multi-tiered operations that take

00:04:20.000 --> 00:04:26.320
advantage of the system's ability to run calculations against each other such as

00:04:24.320 --> 00:04:31.360
weather and traffic predictions so for things that run basic algorithms such as

00:04:28.639 --> 00:04:35.360
violent video games or sexually explicit videos or for the really depraved among

00:04:33.440 --> 00:04:40.639
you violent sexually explicit video games classical processors are still the

00:04:38.479 --> 00:04:43.840
king of the roost speaking of the king of the roost we have a sponsor for

00:04:42.240 --> 00:04:48.080
today's episode and they're the king of the roost in my book at least for the

00:04:45.840 --> 00:04:51.440
next 30 seconds cooler master has actually some pretty cool stuff going on

00:04:49.680 --> 00:04:55.199
so aside from their you know high quality cases power supplies and you

00:04:53.759 --> 00:05:01.440
guessed it cooling products which you can find more details about on their website they have a pretty freaking

00:04:59.280 --> 00:05:05.680
serious business modding competition going on right now that anyone is

00:05:03.840 --> 00:05:10.720
welcome to enter so you guys should check out the link in the video description for more details about that

00:05:08.800 --> 00:05:14.400
and if you're not a modder then make sure that you also check back and just

00:05:12.560 --> 00:05:19.440
have a look at some of the crazy things people are going to submit there's a number of different categories including

00:05:17.280 --> 00:05:24.320
modding existing cases and even a scratch build category where people will

00:05:21.520 --> 00:05:28.400
be building their own cases so it's nice to see stuff like community involvement

00:05:26.560 --> 00:05:32.240
from these larger companies whether it's sponsoring something like this fast as

00:05:29.919 --> 00:05:36.160
possible or sponsoring modders to do what they do and making sure they win

00:05:33.759 --> 00:05:39.120
prizes just for doing it thank you guys for doing the thing where you watch this

00:05:37.680 --> 00:05:42.560
video like it if you liked it dislike it if you thought it sucked leave a comment if your feelings were more complicated

00:05:41.520 --> 00:05:47.360
than that if you have suggestions for future fastest possible episodes just like this one or hopefully different

00:05:45.520 --> 00:05:51.440
because we already did this one and as always don't forget to subscribe