1
00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:06,319
now any theoretical physicist on the street these days will tell you that

2
00:00:03,919 --> 00:00:11,120
quantum processors are the next logical step in the evolution of mathematical

3
00:00:08,639 --> 00:00:15,599
computations but for those of us just barely capable of tying our own shoes

4
00:00:13,440 --> 00:00:19,520
many questions spring to mind what does theoretical physics have to do with

5
00:00:17,119 --> 00:00:22,880
improving processor performance is this going to end up benefiting me in any way

6
00:00:21,279 --> 00:00:27,680
that is actually relevant and most importantly will this next leap finally

7
00:00:25,199 --> 00:00:30,880
be the one that takes me home oh boy

8
00:00:29,039 --> 00:00:35,360
unlike classical processors which use transistors to create digits of binary

9
00:00:33,360 --> 00:00:40,800
code called bits which are represented in the familiar form of zeros and ones

10
00:00:38,239 --> 00:00:45,520
quantum processors use atomic sized structures such as a single freaking

11
00:00:42,960 --> 00:00:50,719
electron and produce coded units called qubits which have the unique capability

12
00:00:47,920 --> 00:00:54,719
of being both the values of zero and one simultaneously more on that later to

13
00:00:52,719 --> 00:01:00,000
accomplish this engineers utilize extreme cold conditions and magnetics to

14
00:00:57,680 --> 00:01:03,920
manipulate the natural polarity field within the electron and bring it to a

15
00:01:01,920 --> 00:01:08,159
position where it rests in alignment with the artificially created magnetic

16
00:01:05,920 --> 00:01:13,520
flow this resting state is referred to as spin down and would be similar to a

17
00:01:10,880 --> 00:01:17,520
zero value in classical coding when the electron is forcefully going against its

18
00:01:15,760 --> 00:01:22,159
natural inclination to rest with the flow of the magnetic field or its polar

19
00:01:19,759 --> 00:01:27,280
south has been spun to the top position that is called spin up which you guessed

20
00:01:24,720 --> 00:01:31,439
it represents a 1 in traditional binary speak let me use an analogy to clarify

21
00:01:29,680 --> 00:01:34,960
imagine you're a child back on the playground sitting on the swings if

22
00:01:32,960 --> 00:01:38,799
you're just sitting there exerting no effort letting gravity hold you in place

23
00:01:37,040 --> 00:01:42,400
this could be considered the spin down position now let's say you were to

24
00:01:40,640 --> 00:01:46,720
accomplish the dream of every child around the world and manage to be all

25
00:01:44,240 --> 00:01:50,240
the way vertical up above the bar spin up would be the point at which you

26
00:01:48,079 --> 00:01:54,799
reached the apex of your swing and gravity was working its hardest to pull

27
00:01:52,560 --> 00:01:58,560
you violently back down to the earth now as i mentioned earlier qubits have the

28
00:01:56,640 --> 00:02:03,200
unique potential to end up representing both a one and a zero in code value

29
00:02:01,200 --> 00:02:08,399
simultaneously which you could imagine in our previous scenario would be like a

30
00:02:05,759 --> 00:02:12,160
swinger sitting at the 90 degree mark directly between the ground and the sky

31
00:02:10,560 --> 00:02:16,400
but just like gravity would make it impossible to stay at that position for

32
00:02:13,920 --> 00:02:20,000
more than a fraction of a moment the electrons which drive the quantum

33
00:02:18,080 --> 00:02:23,520
processor have forces preventing them from sitting still as well in fact that

34
00:02:22,319 --> 00:02:27,760
might be underselling it a little bit because thanks to the quantum mechanical

35
00:02:25,599 --> 00:02:31,440
phenomenon known as superposition the electron is actually moving in all

36
00:02:29,440 --> 00:02:35,440
directions simultaneously before the moment it is measured so in order to

37
00:02:33,680 --> 00:02:39,280
quantify information derived from an electron spinning out like a roided out

38
00:02:37,280 --> 00:02:43,680
hamster in a ball engineers first determined the basic spin value as

39
00:02:41,280 --> 00:02:47,680
previously described then they use mathematical probability scales which

40
00:02:45,440 --> 00:02:51,040
calculate the likeliness the electron was actually spinning in the indicated

41
00:02:49,280 --> 00:02:55,760
direction and then arrive at two separate numbers for each scenario which

42
00:02:53,040 --> 00:03:00,959
are the processor's outputs for instance one might receive something like a 70

43
00:02:57,920 --> 00:03:04,560
probability up and 30 down or as you now

44
00:03:00,959 --> 00:03:06,879
see both zero and one at once if not at

45
00:03:04,560 --> 00:03:10,879
least two varying degrees this form of measurement coupled with the electrons

46
00:03:08,800 --> 00:03:14,800
unique physical properties lead to a quantum processor's two main advantages

47
00:03:13,280 --> 00:03:19,280
over a classical one so here's the summary part first since the electrons

48
00:03:17,280 --> 00:03:22,879
are spinning at such an indeterminable rate and direction they are also

49
00:03:21,200 --> 00:03:26,959
potentially capable of running an indeterminable number of processes at

50
00:03:25,280 --> 00:03:31,280
remarkable speeds secondly since two measurements are

51
00:03:29,040 --> 00:03:36,319
needed to quantify each qubit value as opposed to the standard one transistor

52
00:03:33,599 --> 00:03:40,879
per bit rule the increase in computing power for quantum processors is an

53
00:03:38,319 --> 00:03:44,799
exponential one in other words when one qubit tells two friends they tell two

54
00:03:43,040 --> 00:03:48,000
friends and then they tell two friends and i'm gonna run our fingers on my

55
00:03:46,319 --> 00:03:51,920
hands really fast here until you reach the measly range of 500 qubits where

56
00:03:50,400 --> 00:03:55,760
you've generated more possible processors than there are particles in

57
00:03:53,680 --> 00:04:00,640
the known universe but now to the downside or the spin

58
00:03:58,159 --> 00:04:04,480
downside as it were while quantum processors may have more

59
00:04:02,640 --> 00:04:08,879
computing power than the whole known universe plus he-man because of all the

60
00:04:06,799 --> 00:04:13,519
insane amounts of effort it takes to isolate manipulate and quantify

61
00:04:11,360 --> 00:04:18,079
something like an electron in its spin these computers would likely only see a

62
00:04:15,920 --> 00:04:21,840
benefit when running intense multi-tiered operations that take

63
00:04:20,000 --> 00:04:26,320
advantage of the system's ability to run calculations against each other such as

64
00:04:24,320 --> 00:04:31,360
weather and traffic predictions so for things that run basic algorithms such as

65
00:04:28,639 --> 00:04:35,360
violent video games or sexually explicit videos or for the really depraved among

66
00:04:33,440 --> 00:04:40,639
you violent sexually explicit video games classical processors are still the

67
00:04:38,479 --> 00:04:43,840
king of the roost speaking of the king of the roost we have a sponsor for

68
00:04:42,240 --> 00:04:48,080
today's episode and they're the king of the roost in my book at least for the

69
00:04:45,840 --> 00:04:51,440
next 30 seconds cooler master has actually some pretty cool stuff going on

70
00:04:49,680 --> 00:04:55,199
so aside from their you know high quality cases power supplies and you

71
00:04:53,759 --> 00:05:01,440
guessed it cooling products which you can find more details about on their website they have a pretty freaking

72
00:04:59,280 --> 00:05:05,680
serious business modding competition going on right now that anyone is

73
00:05:03,840 --> 00:05:10,720
welcome to enter so you guys should check out the link in the video description for more details about that

74
00:05:08,800 --> 00:05:14,400
and if you're not a modder then make sure that you also check back and just

75
00:05:12,560 --> 00:05:19,440
have a look at some of the crazy things people are going to submit there's a number of different categories including

76
00:05:17,280 --> 00:05:24,320
modding existing cases and even a scratch build category where people will

77
00:05:21,520 --> 00:05:28,400
be building their own cases so it's nice to see stuff like community involvement

78
00:05:26,560 --> 00:05:32,240
from these larger companies whether it's sponsoring something like this fast as

79
00:05:29,919 --> 00:05:36,160
possible or sponsoring modders to do what they do and making sure they win

80
00:05:33,759 --> 00:05:39,120
prizes just for doing it thank you guys for doing the thing where you watch this

81
00:05:37,680 --> 00:05:42,560
video like it if you liked it dislike it if you thought it sucked leave a comment if your feelings were more complicated

82
00:05:41,520 --> 00:05:47,360
than that if you have suggestions for future fastest possible episodes just like this one or hopefully different

83
00:05:45,520 --> 00:05:51,440
because we already did this one and as always don't forget to subscribe