although we still haven't gotten pci express 5.0 devices in our hot little
hands yet believe it or not the PCIe 6.0
specification has already been released and as you may have guessed it's
insanely fast at 126 gigabytes per
second one way on an x16 link it's twice as fast as 5.0 four times as fast as 4.0
which is fairly new on the market and eight times faster than the 3.0 devices
many of us idiots are currently using
but how do they make it so fast and more importantly does it have real
relevance for you the home user or is it just overkill to find out we spoke with
debendra dash sharma an Intel fellow in their data platforms group and we'd like
to thank him for lending his time and expertise so unsurprisingly pci express
6.0 is backwards compatible with all the previous generations of PCIe but if you
go all the way back to version 1.0 you could only get up to four gigabytes per
second one way from an x16 slot now
we're pushing 32 times as much data through the same link older revisions of
pci express got faster and faster because they increased their
transmission frequencies but it turns out you can only do this so much before
the signal becomes super unstable it's kind of similar to how a 5 gigahertz
Wi-Fi connection is faster than a 2.4 gig link but it's also not as stable at long
distances so instead pci 6 uses a technique called pam4 which can actually
carry two bits of data at the same time instead of just one unlike traditional
signaling where one voltage represented a zero and a second voltage represented
a one pam4 uses four different voltages and each one corresponds to either 0 0 0
1 1 0 or 1 1 meaning twice as much data
is sent per unit of time however shoving
more stuff through the pipes is just like in regular life not the greatest
idea in this case it increases the rate of errors and even with the pci special
interest group adding a few nanoseconds of latency to reduce the error rate to
about one bit per million that's still a lot of potential errors when you
consider how much data flows through a typical pci express link however a few
bytes in each chunk of data that's sent are reserved for error checking and
correction if the receiving device sees that a packet is incorrect it can ask
for it again using just a few bytes of data because this error correcting
scheme is quite lightweight it only adds a very small amount of latency so this
way pci 6.0 can operate at very high speeds without constantly losing signal
integrity in fact it's estimated that instead of an error rate of one bit and
a million pci 6.0 can operate with only one unfixed error every billion billion
hours so you'll probably never have to worry about it unless you're an elf from
middle earth but riley hold on a minute all this
performance is fine and good but my graphics card doesn't even saturate the
pci express slot on my computer today why should i care about this well one
reason is that as we continue to ask for more and more out of our devices having
the fattest pipe possible
we'll ensure that we can do things like hit our ssds with mega size downloads
stream 4k and 8k HDR video and keep up
with the ever increasing demands video games put on our graphics cards all at
the same time but going beyond just your home pc think of all the cloud services
you utilize on a daily basis for applications from voice assistants to
iot devices to self-driving cars well
assuming you can afford one all these gadgets need a high bandwidth interface
that can process data with minimal latency think of an autonomous car that
quickly has to get data from a camera to a CPU to a 5g modem which then goes into
a server somewhere that has to respond quickly to aid in hazard recognition and
is also moving data around internally for machine learning that's a lot of
data on both ends of that connection pci express 6.0 could deliver enough speed
to make the experience seamless and maybe even tell you about an icy road
ahead before you end up in the ditch and don't let your brain end up in the ditch
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