{"video_id":"UxqX5XIzDA4","title":"The Bioluminescent Gaming PC","channel":"Linus Tech Tips","show":"Linus Tech Tips","published_at":"2022-05-05T14:53:29Z","duration_s":1037,"segments":[{"start_s":0.08,"end_s":6.16,"text":"this is no regular pc coolant but rather","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":4.279,"end_s":10.88,"text":"bioluminescent coolant that you are about to watch us create with the help","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":8.32,"end_s":15.28,"text":"of the genetically engineered bacteria that is behind us over there","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":13.28,"end_s":21.76,"text":"it isn't the kind of thing you'd run in your pc 24 7 at least not exactly like","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":18.4,"end_s":23.279,"text":"this but the biotechnology involved blew","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":21.76,"end_s":29.119,"text":"my mind so let's have a chat about how we built the","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":25.92,"end_s":30.64,"text":"world's first bioluminescent gaming pc","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":29.119,"end_s":34.719,"text":"or as i call it the anglerfish","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":32.96,"end_s":39.36,"text":"they don't have claws it's more like teeth but minor details","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":37.44,"end_s":43.2,"text":"minor details like our sponsor war thunder war thunder is an online","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":41.36,"end_s":47.039,"text":"military vehicle combat game that's free to play and a ton of fun try it out for","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":45.28,"end_s":51.719,"text":"free down below today and get some special bonus items for signing up","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":58.64,"end_s":63.92,"text":"let's go back in time to before the anglerfish came to life though today","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":62.239,"end_s":69.92,"text":"we're joined by the fine folks from nioka Labs whose main area of focus is","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":67.119,"end_s":73.76,"text":"creating a sustainable glow stick by using bioluminescence to create the","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":71.92,"end_s":77.6,"text":"light instead of harsh chemicals that can seep into the environment after","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":75.28,"end_s":81.759,"text":"disposal in nature whether we're talking about a bacteria or a jellyfish","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":79.52,"end_s":87.36,"text":"bioluminescence is created by combining two main compounds luciferin and","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":84.24,"end_s":89.36,"text":"luciferase these are generic catch-all","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":87.36,"end_s":93.2,"text":"words to describe actually a wide variety of different chemicals kind of","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":91.2,"end_s":97.36,"text":"like how we say a battery has to have an anode and a cathode but the exact","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":95.68,"end_s":101.68,"text":"materials that they're made of can vary greatly the combo we're using today is","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":99.36,"end_s":106.88,"text":"derived from gaussian princeps a deep sea crustation that naturally glows blue","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":105.04,"end_s":111.52,"text":"the only challenge is that these guys wouldn't be particularly happy trapped","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":108.96,"end_s":117.28,"text":"inside a glow stick or your computer so instead the folks from nioka Labs take","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":113.92,"end_s":120.159,"text":"the natural recipe from these guys and","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":117.28,"end_s":124.24,"text":"then they get bacteria to fart out those same compounds that are needed to","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":121.92,"end_s":128.64,"text":"produce the reaction the first step of this process is locating the chunk of a","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":126.56,"end_s":133.52,"text":"creature's dna that is responsible for bioluminescence to find the specific","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":131.28,"end_s":139.2,"text":"sequence you need one protein to separate the two strands of dna and read","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":135.92,"end_s":140.879,"text":"a single strand creating rna the rna is","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":139.2,"end_s":144.64,"text":"the code that will produce another protein that will execute a function in","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":142.8,"end_s":149.36,"text":"the cell when bioluminescence is occurring you freeze the cell read the","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":147.28,"end_s":153.519,"text":"rna that's floating around in there and then you try to link it to the function","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":151.28,"end_s":157.68,"text":"of interest once you've figured out what bit of genetic code is responsible for","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":155.2,"end_s":161.44,"text":"bioluminescence you order a primer off the internet which contains short","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":159.76,"end_s":166.8,"text":"segments of the dna you need to make copies of along with dna segments that","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":164.319,"end_s":172.48,"text":"are already present in the bacteria you then take a boatload of the dna primer","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":169.68,"end_s":176.959,"text":"and chuck it into this guy right here the thermal cycler","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":174.64,"end_s":181.76,"text":"this bad boy heats up the dna to around 100 degrees celsius at which point the","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":179.44,"end_s":185.44,"text":"double strands separate into single strands because they can't stay together","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":183.76,"end_s":190.239,"text":"at such high temperatures then you just get to hope that when it","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":188.48,"end_s":194.56,"text":"cools back down the segments from your primer dna will bind to the regions of","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":192.8,"end_s":198.64,"text":"the longer dna strands that are complementary","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":195.84,"end_s":204.319,"text":"from here a protein comes in and repairs the dna turning that single strand back","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":201.44,"end_s":210.08,"text":"into a double strand and in the process adding the bit of dna code that you need","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":206.879,"end_s":212.48,"text":"for bioluminescence do this 20 or so","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":210.08,"end_s":216.72,"text":"more times and you get loads of copies of the dna that you want to put into","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":214.239,"end_s":222.319,"text":"your bacteria to make it glow from here you shoot all that dna into","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":219.36,"end_s":226.799,"text":"the bacteria essentially injecting code and the bacteria will read that code and","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":224.56,"end_s":232.239,"text":"create the luciferase needed for our bioluminescent reaction but enough talk","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":230.159,"end_s":236.72,"text":"let's do it thanks to reductions in the cost of equipment and supplies this kind","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":234.64,"end_s":241.92,"text":"of biological science can actually be performed at home all you will need is","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":239.439,"end_s":245.599,"text":"some pipettes oops some pipette tips","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":243.76,"end_s":250.08,"text":"some kind of media so this is essentially the food for our live","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":247.599,"end_s":253.599,"text":"bacteria we'll get to those in a moment you'll need some live bacteria as well","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":252.159,"end_s":257.12,"text":"as a oh centrifuge and","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":255.76,"end_s":261.04,"text":"naturally safety equipment safety first ladies and","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":259.12,"end_s":265.44,"text":"gentlemen now obviously we're going to do this cooking show style since you","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":262.72,"end_s":270.24,"text":"guys don't want to wait 24 hours for our dna altered e coli to grow in our","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":267.36,"end_s":275.28,"text":"nutrient solution here so we would then take that which instead of looking like","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":273.28,"end_s":279.759,"text":"mildly dehydrated but still relatively healthy pee would look like extremely","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":278.08,"end_s":284.24,"text":"cloudy you need to go see your doctor pee we take that we throw it into our","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":282.08,"end_s":288.24,"text":"centrifuge here for probably somewhere in the neighborhood of","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":286.32,"end_s":292.4,"text":"five ten minutes something along those lines we pour off the extra and we end","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":290.88,"end_s":297.919,"text":"up with this concentrated e coli","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":295.36,"end_s":302.479,"text":"oh don't worry this is not the pathogenic kind this is like","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":300.0,"end_s":307.12,"text":"specifically engineered to be safe otherwise they wouldn't let me handle it","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":306.08,"end_s":310.639,"text":"right that's true that's true so i will not be","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":309.36,"end_s":313.6,"text":"making any unscheduled visits to the bathroom","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":312.72,"end_s":320.8,"text":"now oh it stinks okay we can actually use this to create a","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":318.08,"end_s":324.8,"text":"reaction check this out so we've got uh hold on i've got my","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":322.199,"end_s":330.0,"text":"luciferase and i've got my uh luciferin i want my luciferin i'm gonna","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":327.28,"end_s":332.479,"text":"take a hundred microliters of this they don't believe i can do it properly i","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":331.52,"end_s":338.16,"text":"know it i'm gonna go down to the first stop","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":335.72,"end_s":341.12,"text":"slowly draw wow look at that the system works it's","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":339.68,"end_s":345.52,"text":"right at the mark is that is that what it's supposed to do","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":342.88,"end_s":350.32,"text":"all right cool here we go then we're going to drop this puppy in here","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":348.32,"end_s":354.56,"text":"see you later and watch this oh wow you can actually","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":352.32,"end_s":357.44,"text":"see it's working already what yeah yeah yeah yeah don't worry i got","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":355.84,"end_s":362.4,"text":"this i got this oh you know i'll shake it first then we'll hit the light","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":359.52,"end_s":366.52,"text":"okay go for it go for it oh there's another light damn","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":366.8,"end_s":372.92,"text":"whoa that is sick","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":370.96,"end_s":374.56,"text":"get it because it's e coli","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":374.56,"end_s":382.56,"text":"and this is a completely organic reaction right","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":380.0,"end_s":385.44,"text":"glow overheat right that makes sense enzymes see i remember a couple of","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":384.08,"end_s":388.96,"text":"things from uh you know grade 10 science","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":389.44,"end_s":395.28,"text":"i've been informed it's not heat speeding up the reaction it's actually","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":392.639,"end_s":399.039,"text":"oxygen that causes the luciferin to glow more brightly oh wow it's already dying","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":398.0,"end_s":406.8,"text":"it's dying oh it's back whoa okay hold on a second whoa whoa","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":404.16,"end_s":409.759,"text":"whoa okay so let's just get some oxygen into it no no don't","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":408.56,"end_s":414.56,"text":"worry i'm not gonna i'm not gonna i wasn't gonna do that okay but now we'll","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":412.56,"end_s":418.4,"text":"probably have more oxygen in the air in here so we shake it do we get a brighter","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":416.8,"end_s":421.96,"text":"glow ah hard to say","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":423.759,"end_s":426.319,"text":"there it goes","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":428.96,"end_s":436.319,"text":"so good for you you made an unhealthy pee looking disease vial that glows","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":434.319,"end_s":440.639,"text":"obviously this is not the end game so the next step is we run this through","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":438.56,"end_s":444.319,"text":"what's called a nickel column our protein was engineered with a histidine","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":442.56,"end_s":448.56,"text":"tag and that is going to be naturally attracted to the nickel along the","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":446.639,"end_s":452.16,"text":"outsides of this column as we're pouring it through so what we can do is we pour","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":450.56,"end_s":457.84,"text":"the whole thing through all the garbage makes it through to the end then we","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":454.319,"end_s":459.36,"text":"actually sever that histidine tag and we","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":457.84,"end_s":462.72,"text":"wash it through and we end up with nothing but our","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":460.96,"end_s":467.28,"text":"luciferase so this should give us a much stronger","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":465.919,"end_s":473.28,"text":"reaction right you guys aren't you guys aren't setting me up here to do a lame demo are you","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":471.28,"end_s":477.52,"text":"they wouldn't do that they seem like nice people uh this is my","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":475.68,"end_s":482.639,"text":"10 microliters okay just 10 microliters this time","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":484.879,"end_s":489.639,"text":"this is the tricky part okay we're ready","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":492.4,"end_s":499.28,"text":"there's just one site on our protein where the reaction takes place so you're","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":497.28,"end_s":503.599,"text":"gonna see that if we if we kept this completely still","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":500.96,"end_s":507.36,"text":"um the like the end product would end up kind of gunking it up and that yellow","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":505.68,"end_s":510.4,"text":"glow would actually go away after a while but if we mix it","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":508.96,"end_s":515.36,"text":"things get really interesting okay let's kick the lights oh yeah you can actually oh that's so","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":513.44,"end_s":519.68,"text":"cool you can see where it's kind of seeping down into it","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":517.12,"end_s":522.32,"text":"okay ready oh wow","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":522.88,"end_s":530.72,"text":"that's fantastic and it's not cloudy","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":527.76,"end_s":535.44,"text":"no trip to the doctor today and the best part is because of the","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":532.64,"end_s":539.279,"text":"washing process there is no e coli inside it","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":537.76,"end_s":541.92,"text":"honestly though my kids aren't that into yellow glow sticks","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":540.88,"end_s":545.12,"text":"so um what can we do about that","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":544.24,"end_s":550.8,"text":"oh let's try another color shall we they wouldn't let us do science with our","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":548.72,"end_s":554.24,"text":"LTT Store water bottle but they're they're great for drinking out","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":552.08,"end_s":557.04,"text":"of all right we've got to use we'll use your flask","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":559.76,"end_s":565.76,"text":"there's no pipetting this is just like a dried ready to rock glow stick","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":567.04,"end_s":576.76,"text":"oh damn wow the green one's really bright","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":572.8,"end_s":576.76,"text":"holy smokes","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":577.44,"end_s":584.32,"text":"whoa that is awesome","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":582.24,"end_s":587.44,"text":"holy crap i bet you can even see my face andy","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":585.6,"end_s":591.399,"text":"okay let me crank it oh my god","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":591.68,"end_s":595.04,"text":"oh that is so cool","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":595.279,"end_s":602.24,"text":"so then conceivably if you wanted to make like a liter of this","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":599.6,"end_s":605.519,"text":"you could just you could do that yeah","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":603.04,"end_s":610.16,"text":"this one lasts about 20 minutes okay can you make it last longer","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":607.92,"end_s":616.88,"text":"yes so there's a lot of chemistry that goes on it goes into the glow reaction","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":613.92,"end_s":621.6,"text":"and by adjusting the additives uh in the reaction we maybe we may be able to make","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":619.44,"end_s":626.079,"text":"it glow for longer right or conceivably you could design","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":624.079,"end_s":630.399,"text":"you know glow stick capsules that have like a slow release mechanism of some","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":627.839,"end_s":636.56,"text":"sort or something along those lines too so also engineering the actual enzyme to","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":633.839,"end_s":636.56,"text":"work better","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":636.959,"end_s":643.44,"text":"right it's never been done before right so we're already seeing load times that","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":641.12,"end_s":647.92,"text":"are really really long like beyond five hours but now we're working to make it","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":645.36,"end_s":650.64,"text":"brighter and like more awesome got it","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":649.279,"end_s":655.6,"text":"i guess i saw it at the beginning of the video so there's no real surprise to","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":652.56,"end_s":658.16,"text":"spoil can we put it in the computer now","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":655.6,"end_s":662.72,"text":"let's do it uh oh what the computer's not done alex you had one job","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":660.959,"end_s":667.44,"text":"research the video get in touch with these guys write the video build the","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":664.88,"end_s":670.24,"text":"computer wrangle me","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":668.959,"end_s":674.839,"text":"one job all right let's have some fun here ladies and gentlemen","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":676.079,"end_s":682.0,"text":"all right uh hit me with maybe like 300 mils this time","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":680.48,"end_s":686.079,"text":"we're gonna we're gonna launch our own line of like graduated cylinders and","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":683.92,"end_s":690.079,"text":"beakers for you guys okay so this is where things get a little bit","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":687.839,"end_s":693.839,"text":"trickier yeah we're gonna have to run it for a little bit to kind of kick some of","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":691.92,"end_s":698.399,"text":"these bubbles out of here okay so so far we've put in what 1300","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":695.68,"end_s":703.839,"text":"mils something like that oh no 1200. here we go ladies and gentlemen","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":700.959,"end_s":703.839,"text":"uh well","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":705.04,"end_s":711.839,"text":"no it's not nowadays","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":709.44,"end_s":716.16,"text":"why did it stop and start again okay now we have water on our motherboard","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":714.16,"end_s":720.72,"text":"the good news is i think the GPU backplate took the brunt of that","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":719.36,"end_s":723.839,"text":"um that's only five mils","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":724.079,"end_s":729.399,"text":"is there a way to all that is five mils","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":730.639,"end_s":737.6,"text":"oh god this is going to take forever okay well","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":735.2,"end_s":742.56,"text":"oh there we go beautiful okay funnel section the good news is we're close","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":740.959,"end_s":745.639,"text":"does anyone still know how much water is in here","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":747.2,"end_s":752.56,"text":"oh god i have to get all of that in there funnel me","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":751.44,"end_s":755.76,"text":"okay okay it's a little smelly","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":757.04,"end_s":761.68,"text":"um so do you want to do just a little bit at first and should we do you want","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":760.32,"end_s":764.88,"text":"to turn the system off how do you guys want to do this what's going to give us","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":763.36,"end_s":768.079,"text":"max effect here this is the big moment","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":768.639,"end_s":777.12,"text":"oh that is super cool","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":774.32,"end_s":777.12,"text":"okay here we go","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":779.2,"end_s":782.8,"text":"are you getting this andy get a close-up","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":783.2,"end_s":787.639,"text":"i'm gonna give it another little jet here","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":789.12,"end_s":795.639,"text":"okay i'm going i'm going for it now","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":802.8,"end_s":807.519,"text":"that is freaking bright","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":810.24,"end_s":815.44,"text":"oh that is so cool is the density of this one like uh","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":814.48,"end_s":817.92,"text":"higher or something","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":818.8,"end_s":823.76,"text":"but why is it sitting at the bottom like that it's time","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":824.959,"end_s":830.079,"text":"oh look we spilled some","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":828.32,"end_s":833.04,"text":"now that's an easy way to find a leak in your water cooling system","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":836.48,"end_s":841.44,"text":"that is so cool","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":841.68,"end_s":847.04,"text":"that is a very different effect isn't it","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":845.04,"end_s":855.04,"text":"compared to when you have like a uv light and then a uv reactive additive in the","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":850.8,"end_s":857.839,"text":"water because the the water itself","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":855.04,"end_s":857.839,"text":"is what's glowing","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":859.44,"end_s":863.839,"text":"that is crazy cool","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":864.0,"end_s":870.079,"text":"now obviously constantly topping up your computer's","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":867.519,"end_s":875.44,"text":"enzymes is not a very practical way to get it to light up not to mention that","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":872.56,"end_s":879.519,"text":"once you've got micro particles whipping around in your loop","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":877.199,"end_s":883.279,"text":"the damage to your CPU block is going to make the rust in our whole room water","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":880.88,"end_s":888.48,"text":"cooling system look like a piece of cake but it's not like this is being sold as","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":885.76,"end_s":893.44,"text":"an ek cryo fuel competitor so the good news for nyoka's plan","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":891.04,"end_s":898.079,"text":"creating glow sticks is that for that use it might just be perfect in your","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":896.48,"end_s":903.12,"text":"typical dollar store glow stick the chemicals used to create the light","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":900.56,"end_s":907.36,"text":"effect are so nasty that it's probably a good thing that we couldn't find a","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":904.639,"end_s":911.12,"text":"proper recipe in this classic episode of Channel Super Fun","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":908.8,"end_s":914.56,"text":"and even worse to contain these chemicals very sturdy plastic is needed","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":913.76,"end_s":920.0,"text":"so every time a glow stick gets cracked","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":917.76,"end_s":926.399,"text":"it'll be bright and admittedly very fun for an hour or two","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":923.36,"end_s":929.04,"text":"then it'll sit not breaking down for a","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":926.399,"end_s":934.639,"text":"thousand years the bio-based fluid however is much less toxic i mean you","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":932.24,"end_s":939.68,"text":"could take the contents of an ioka glow stick like this one and just dump it","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":937.76,"end_s":944.56,"text":"afterwards or even drink it if you really wanted to and the plastic around","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":941.839,"end_s":950.079,"text":"it is biodegradable too it's also even possible to use this method thank you to","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":947.36,"end_s":954.079,"text":"create reusable glow sticks since you can just flush the glow solution down","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":951.92,"end_s":960.56,"text":"the drain and fill it again to recharge it now admittedly these glow sticks aren't","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":957.92,"end_s":964.639,"text":"cost effective at the moment but this technology has the potential to scale","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":962.32,"end_s":967.6,"text":"really well and glow sticks are just one example of the type of reaction that can","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":966.399,"end_s":972.24,"text":"be made more sustainable using biotechnology everything from clothing","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":969.839,"end_s":976.959,"text":"to pharmaceuticals to literal burgers can be made in this fashion haha um i","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":975.44,"end_s":981.839,"text":"made you guys watch a science lecture disguised as a computer video gotcha and","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":979.92,"end_s":986.399,"text":"now it's over for this message from our sponsor war thunder war thunder is a","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":984.56,"end_s":990.399,"text":"free-to-play online military vehicle combat game it's available on Windows","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":988.24,"end_s":994.399,"text":"mac Linux playstation 4 playstation 5 xbox one","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":991.519,"end_s":997.44,"text":"and xbox series s and x with cross play there's more than 34 million players","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":996.0,"end_s":1001.92,"text":"from all over the world and it features an incredible arsenal of more than 1700","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":999.839,"end_s":1006.48,"text":"historically accurate playable tanks aircrafts and ships from the 1930s all","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":1004.16,"end_s":1010.48,"text":"the way to the 1990s you can participate in massive combined arms battles on over","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":1008.48,"end_s":1014.32,"text":"80 major battlefields from world war ii to the end of the cold war and there's","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":1012.639,"end_s":1018.32,"text":"always active development there's free major updates every couple of months to","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":1016.079,"end_s":1022.399,"text":"add even more content including vehicles maps and new gameplay features so head","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":1020.56,"end_s":1026.319,"text":"to the link below and start playing war thunder for free you'll also be able to","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":1024.4,"end_s":1029.28,"text":"get a free bonus premium vehicle just for signing up if you guys enjoyed this","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":1028.319,"end_s":1034.319,"text":"video and you like our more sciency-oriented content maybe check out our fusion reactor video they probably","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":1033.199,"end_s":1037.919,"text":"actually made a fair bit of progress since we made that but it's still really cool","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0}],"full_text":"this is no regular pc coolant but rather bioluminescent coolant that you are about to watch us create with the help of the genetically engineered bacteria that is behind us over there it isn't the kind of thing you'd run in your pc 24 7 at least not exactly like this but the biotechnology involved blew my mind so let's have a chat about how we built the world's first bioluminescent gaming pc or as i call it the anglerfish they don't have claws it's more like teeth but minor details minor details like our sponsor war thunder war thunder is an online military vehicle combat game that's free to play and a ton of fun try it out for free down below today and get some special bonus items for signing up let's go back in time to before the anglerfish came to life though today we're joined by the fine folks from nioka Labs whose main area of focus is creating a sustainable glow stick by using bioluminescence to create the light instead of harsh chemicals that can seep into the environment after disposal in nature whether we're talking about a bacteria or a jellyfish bioluminescence is created by combining two main compounds luciferin and luciferase these are generic catch-all words to describe actually a wide variety of different chemicals kind of like how we say a battery has to have an anode and a cathode but the exact materials that they're made of can vary greatly the combo we're using today is derived from gaussian princeps a deep sea crustation that naturally glows blue the only challenge is that these guys wouldn't be particularly happy trapped inside a glow stick or your computer so instead the folks from nioka Labs take the natural recipe from these guys and then they get bacteria to fart out those same compounds that are needed to produce the reaction the first step of this process is locating the chunk of a creature's dna that is responsible for bioluminescence to find the specific sequence you need one protein to separate the two strands of dna and read a single strand creating rna the rna is the code that will produce another protein that will execute a function in the cell when bioluminescence is occurring you freeze the cell read the rna that's floating around in there and then you try to link it to the function of interest once you've figured out what bit of genetic code is responsible for bioluminescence you order a primer off the internet which contains short segments of the dna you need to make copies of along with dna segments that are already present in the bacteria you then take a boatload of the dna primer and chuck it into this guy right here the thermal cycler this bad boy heats up the dna to around 100 degrees celsius at which point the double strands separate into single strands because they can't stay together at such high temperatures then you just get to hope that when it cools back down the segments from your primer dna will bind to the regions of the longer dna strands that are complementary from here a protein comes in and repairs the dna turning that single strand back into a double strand and in the process adding the bit of dna code that you need for bioluminescence do this 20 or so more times and you get loads of copies of the dna that you want to put into your bacteria to make it glow from here you shoot all that dna into the bacteria essentially injecting code and the bacteria will read that code and create the luciferase needed for our bioluminescent reaction but enough talk let's do it thanks to reductions in the cost of equipment and supplies this kind of biological science can actually be performed at home all you will need is some pipettes oops some pipette tips some kind of media so this is essentially the food for our live bacteria we'll get to those in a moment you'll need some live bacteria as well as a oh centrifuge and naturally safety equipment safety first ladies and gentlemen now obviously we're going to do this cooking show style since you guys don't want to wait 24 hours for our dna altered e coli to grow in our nutrient solution here so we would then take that which instead of looking like mildly dehydrated but still relatively healthy pee would look like extremely cloudy you need to go see your doctor pee we take that we throw it into our centrifuge here for probably somewhere in the neighborhood of five ten minutes something along those lines we pour off the extra and we end up with this concentrated e coli oh don't worry this is not the pathogenic kind this is like specifically engineered to be safe otherwise they wouldn't let me handle it right that's true that's true so i will not be making any unscheduled visits to the bathroom now oh it stinks okay we can actually use this to create a reaction check this out so we've got uh hold on i've got my luciferase and i've got my uh luciferin i want my luciferin i'm gonna take a hundred microliters of this they don't believe i can do it properly i know it i'm gonna go down to the first stop slowly draw wow look at that the system works it's right at the mark is that is that what it's supposed to do all right cool here we go then we're going to drop this puppy in here see you later and watch this oh wow you can actually see it's working already what yeah yeah yeah yeah don't worry i got this i got this oh you know i'll shake it first then we'll hit the light okay go for it go for it oh there's another light damn whoa that is sick get it because it's e coli and this is a completely organic reaction right glow overheat right that makes sense enzymes see i remember a couple of things from uh you know grade 10 science i've been informed it's not heat speeding up the reaction it's actually oxygen that causes the luciferin to glow more brightly oh wow it's already dying it's dying oh it's back whoa okay hold on a second whoa whoa whoa okay so let's just get some oxygen into it no no don't worry i'm not gonna i'm not gonna i wasn't gonna do that okay but now we'll probably have more oxygen in the air in here so we shake it do we get a brighter glow ah hard to say there it goes so good for you you made an unhealthy pee looking disease vial that glows obviously this is not the end game so the next step is we run this through what's called a nickel column our protein was engineered with a histidine tag and that is going to be naturally attracted to the nickel along the outsides of this column as we're pouring it through so what we can do is we pour the whole thing through all the garbage makes it through to the end then we actually sever that histidine tag and we wash it through and we end up with nothing but our luciferase so this should give us a much stronger reaction right you guys aren't you guys aren't setting me up here to do a lame demo are you they wouldn't do that they seem like nice people uh this is my 10 microliters okay just 10 microliters this time this is the tricky part okay we're ready there's just one site on our protein where the reaction takes place so you're gonna see that if we if we kept this completely still um the like the end product would end up kind of gunking it up and that yellow glow would actually go away after a while but if we mix it things get really interesting okay let's kick the lights oh yeah you can actually oh that's so cool you can see where it's kind of seeping down into it okay ready oh wow that's fantastic and it's not cloudy no trip to the doctor today and the best part is because of the washing process there is no e coli inside it honestly though my kids aren't that into yellow glow sticks so um what can we do about that oh let's try another color shall we they wouldn't let us do science with our LTT Store water bottle but they're they're great for drinking out of all right we've got to use we'll use your flask there's no pipetting this is just like a dried ready to rock glow stick oh damn wow the green one's really bright holy smokes whoa that is awesome holy crap i bet you can even see my face andy okay let me crank it oh my god oh that is so cool so then conceivably if you wanted to make like a liter of this you could just you could do that yeah this one lasts about 20 minutes okay can you make it last longer yes so there's a lot of chemistry that goes on it goes into the glow reaction and by adjusting the additives uh in the reaction we maybe we may be able to make it glow for longer right or conceivably you could design you know glow stick capsules that have like a slow release mechanism of some sort or something along those lines too so also engineering the actual enzyme to work better right it's never been done before right so we're already seeing load times that are really really long like beyond five hours but now we're working to make it brighter and like more awesome got it i guess i saw it at the beginning of the video so there's no real surprise to spoil can we put it in the computer now let's do it uh oh what the computer's not done alex you had one job research the video get in touch with these guys write the video build the computer wrangle me one job all right let's have some fun here ladies and gentlemen all right uh hit me with maybe like 300 mils this time we're gonna we're gonna launch our own line of like graduated cylinders and beakers for you guys okay so this is where things get a little bit trickier yeah we're gonna have to run it for a little bit to kind of kick some of these bubbles out of here okay so so far we've put in what 1300 mils something like that oh no 1200. here we go ladies and gentlemen uh well no it's not nowadays why did it stop and start again okay now we have water on our motherboard the good news is i think the GPU backplate took the brunt of that um that's only five mils is there a way to all that is five mils oh god this is going to take forever okay well oh there we go beautiful okay funnel section the good news is we're close does anyone still know how much water is in here oh god i have to get all of that in there funnel me okay okay it's a little smelly um so do you want to do just a little bit at first and should we do you want to turn the system off how do you guys want to do this what's going to give us max effect here this is the big moment oh that is super cool okay here we go are you getting this andy get a close-up i'm gonna give it another little jet here okay i'm going i'm going for it now that is freaking bright oh that is so cool is the density of this one like uh higher or something but why is it sitting at the bottom like that it's time oh look we spilled some now that's an easy way to find a leak in your water cooling system that is so cool that is a very different effect isn't it compared to when you have like a uv light and then a uv reactive additive in the water because the the water itself is what's glowing that is crazy cool now obviously constantly topping up your computer's enzymes is not a very practical way to get it to light up not to mention that once you've got micro particles whipping around in your loop the damage to your CPU block is going to make the rust in our whole room water cooling system look like a piece of cake but it's not like this is being sold as an ek cryo fuel competitor so the good news for nyoka's plan creating glow sticks is that for that use it might just be perfect in your typical dollar store glow stick the chemicals used to create the light effect are so nasty that it's probably a good thing that we couldn't find a proper recipe in this classic episode of Channel Super Fun and even worse to contain these chemicals very sturdy plastic is needed so every time a glow stick gets cracked it'll be bright and admittedly very fun for an hour or two then it'll sit not breaking down for a thousand years the bio-based fluid however is much less toxic i mean you could take the contents of an ioka glow stick like this one and just dump it afterwards or even drink it if you really wanted to and the plastic around it is biodegradable too it's also even possible to use this method thank you to create reusable glow sticks since you can just flush the glow solution down the drain and fill it again to recharge it now admittedly these glow sticks aren't cost effective at the moment but this technology has the potential to scale really well and glow sticks are just one example of the type of reaction that can be made more sustainable using biotechnology everything from clothing to pharmaceuticals to literal burgers can be made in this fashion haha um i made you guys watch a science lecture disguised as a computer video gotcha and now it's over for this message from our sponsor war thunder war thunder is a free-to-play online military vehicle combat game it's available on Windows mac Linux playstation 4 playstation 5 xbox one and xbox series s and x with cross play there's more than 34 million players from all over the world and it features an incredible arsenal of more than 1700 historically accurate playable tanks aircrafts and ships from the 1930s all the way to the 1990s you can participate in massive combined arms battles on over 80 major battlefields from world war ii to the end of the cold war and there's always active development there's free major updates every couple of months to add even more content including vehicles maps and new gameplay features so head to the link below and start playing war thunder for free you'll also be able to get a free bonus premium vehicle just for signing up if you guys enjoyed this video and you like our more sciency-oriented content maybe check out our fusion reactor video they probably actually made a fair bit of progress since we made that but it's still really cool"}