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i thought the next big thing in tvs was going to be micro led a technology with

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all the advantages of OLED and none of the downsides it was going to be sweet

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but i was wrong samsung recently announced that they are seizing all lcd

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production by the end of the year and investing 11 billion dollars in OLED

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but with quantum dots quarterbacks

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why would you even want that why didn't they do this already

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to learn more we talked to nanosis the company that actually makes the majority

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of the world's quantum dots who gave us absolutely fascinating answers to all of

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these questions and more origin pc just

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introduced multiple Corsair case options for their desktops and new laptops

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powered by the latest Intel and NVIDIA tech customize your origin pc with a

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samsung 970 evo m.2 at originpc.com or

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the link below

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quantum dots can make oleds better in three key ways more accurate colors

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higher brightness which is great for HDR and wider viewing angles

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sound familiar great because that's exactly the same

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benefits that quantum dots have been bringing to lcds for years now but the

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way that samsung's going to use them on oleds is different from anything that

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we've seen before look at this nanasis roadmap for 2018 it's divided into three

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sections which we can think of as present near future and not so near

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future here in the present all quantum dot displays are lcds with quantum dot

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enhancement films what samsung's planning with their qd display oleds is

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in the near future second half of 2021 to be exact but covid so then in the far

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future we've got wacky micro lead competitors that are neither lcd nor ole

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but we'll save that for later to help us understand this roadmap and the tech

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that could be in your next tv let's start with a quick primer on why quantum

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dots are useful in the first place

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quantum dots are molecule-sized spheres of nano-semiconductor materials that

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emit light if you provide them with energy and they behave differently

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according to their size so if you shine a high-energy photon like a blue light

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add a quantum dot that's seven nanometers wide it'll glow red

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shine the light on a three nanometer dot

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and it'll glow green the best part is nano cysts can vary

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their output in one nanometer steps

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so they get to be really picky about what color shines out

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blue that's just what i wanted

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so quantum dots allow a display to glow true red or true green and that's not

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just an opinion you can tell by looking at the waveform of the light for

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comparison here is a typical lcd

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backlight unit these lights don't actually shine white

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they shine blue which you can see here then they're treated with a yag phosphor

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so that it all mixes into white but you see how narrow that blue light

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is the industry uses a measure called full width half max it's the width of

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the wave halfway up its amplitude so our

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blue led has a full width half max of about 20 to 30 nanometers right here

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the yag portion on the other hand well that is a big wide 100 nanometer mess

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containing contaminating colors like pink orange and teal

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that's a problem the white light from the source then passes through color

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filters at the display subpixels to separate the light into red green and

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blue now these filters themselves have a pretty loose definition for each color

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so what ends up hitting your eye inevitably goes through this game of

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telephone garbage in garbage

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out but what if we made our white light using a

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blue backlight with red and green quantum dots

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well now everything has a full width half max of

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just 30 nanometers

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then when the color filters take say red they only get red not you know

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orange or something now we get really accurate output something that's good

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enough for color professionals in print or content creation

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or for a high quality HDR monitor since

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HDR specs require wide color gamuts in addition to very high contrast

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but it kind of makes you wonder if you start with pure red green and

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blue why do you even need the color filters

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so this is the difference between phase one and phase two of the nemesis roadmap

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the new quantum dot oleds that samsung's making don't use quantum dot enhancement

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films like we've seen on every quantum dot display so far

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instead they have quantum dots inkjet

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printed onto the panel substrate itself

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these displays then don't have color filters they just have quantum dot color

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conversion and the difference in wording there is deliberate a filter stops all

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of the colors of light that you don't want and keeps the color that you do but

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that's a waste of light and therefore energy conversion with quantum dots takes all

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of the light and converts it into the desired color with an efficiency or

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quantum yield and that is a sci-fi marketing term if i ever saw one greater

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than 95 so with this new knowledge let's go back

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to the three ways that quantum dots will make oleds better number one they will

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have more accurate colors because quantum dots have slightly narrower full

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width half maxes than the current OLED solution number two

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the brightness will be higher because more of the emitted light will be allowed to pass through instead of being

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blocked and number three they will have

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wider viewing angles because quantum dots are just plain better at scattering

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light evenly in all directions than the around

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50 degrees that current oleds give you before the colors start to shift

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so that's what's happening but

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why is it happening now samsung's been using quantum dots and making the

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world's best OLED screens for smartphones for years now i mean didn't

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they already have all the ingredients does anybody know why they didn't just

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put them together not really samsung's amoled phone displays are RGB oleds

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while the big screen tvs that lg makes are wo-led no one's been able to scale

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RGB oleds beyond small screen sizes like this because of manufacturing

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limitations and samsung's inexperience making big

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screen oleds means they have to play catch-up in terms of addressing geometry

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because the driver i sees on the edge of the display are so far away from the

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pixels in the center they also have to figure out exactly how

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to make an OLED using a lone blue phosphor ideally the blue light wouldn't

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have to be converted avoiding any efficiency loss at all but for that to

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happen it has to be the right blue royal blue sort of like this underwear from

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lttstore.com and not aquamarine or

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something dark and purpley which has been common in the past it's difficult

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because unlike quantum dots these phosphors are complex organic materials

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that are doped with europium and other rare earth materials and you can't sort

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these millions of molecules after the fact you can only control the

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manufacturing the rumor right now is that samsung will be targeting the dci

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p3 color gamut using a mixed blue emitter without conversion

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then there's the manufacturing side the color converting quantum dots have to be

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printed onto the display substrate that means that not only does the inkjet

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printing for color filtering on large displays need to be possible which only

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happened recently but the quantum dots themselves need to be integrated into

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inks that don't clog the inkjet nozzles can be printed in open air rather than in a

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vacuum and can be cured using standard manufacturing methods

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this thing's expensive i'm not gonna throw it i personally cannot wait to get

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my hands on these qd OLED displays so get subscribed so you don't miss that

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but what about that far future section of the road map well this is where

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things get really sci-fi quantum dot

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electroluminescent or qdel displays

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sounds kind of dumb but QLED was already taken i guess so

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remember how quantum dots shine when you put energy into them well that energy

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doesn't have to be a shining light you could power them with electricity

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here the quantum dots themselves would form the pixels simplifying the

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technology stack and because quantum dots aren't as sensitive as oleds they

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don't need to be manufactured in vacuum chambers with walls as thick as a

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battleships that enables manufacturing that is so much simpler that it could

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reap other breakthroughs like truly flexible substrates that can fold at

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tighter radiuses than we've seen so far or devices so cheap and so thin that

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your wallpaper could be a display bad tech is actually in the lab today

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with research by nanosis customers happening all over the world so then

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what are we waiting for well the limiting factor right now is lifetime

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particularly of the blue and green quantum dots the problem has to do with

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non-radiative recombination pathways in layman's terms if you put energy into a

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device and not all of it turns into light the rest is either creating heat

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or breaking chemical bonds that's a problem now nanosis thinks that

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we're going to get this sorted out within the next five years or so so that would mean that the first devices to hit

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the market would come in around 2025 to

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2027. not bad considering that we're trying to

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understand these materials at the atomic scale what's in your online security

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linked down below so if you're wondering where micro led fits into all this check

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out our video where we explain why something called mass transfer is

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keeping those from hitting the market on mass it's a really good one