1
00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:06,480
with all the talk about increasing Global energy consumption and finding a

2
00:00:04,359 --> 00:00:11,000
source of power that won't run out like fossil fuels will one day we've been

3
00:00:08,639 --> 00:00:16,600
looking for something both sustainable and Powerful for quite a long time solar

4
00:00:14,320 --> 00:00:21,000
and wind are much discussed options to solve this problem but simply put

5
00:00:18,680 --> 00:00:26,320
they're just not efficient enough today to address most of our energy needs and

6
00:00:24,039 --> 00:00:30,720
traditional nuclear power which relies on uranium fuel that may be depleted one

7
00:00:28,679 --> 00:00:37,000
day as well ALS o presents the additional problems of radioactive waste

8
00:00:33,559 --> 00:00:39,079
and possible meltdowns enter fusion

9
00:00:37,000 --> 00:00:44,360
power we've been kicking this idea around for so long that it seems like

10
00:00:41,960 --> 00:00:49,520
Fusion research is becoming another quest for the Fountain of Youth but why

11
00:00:47,360 --> 00:00:55,800
is that why don't we have it yet and what is so special about it well what's

12
00:00:52,399 --> 00:00:58,320
special is that Fusion can produce lots

13
00:00:55,800 --> 00:01:03,719
of energy from relatively small amounts of fuel by literally smashing atoms

14
00:01:01,440 --> 00:01:08,479
together usually these are hydrogen atoms that are well they're well they're

15
00:01:05,680 --> 00:01:12,799
fused together to make helium the same stuff you find in balloons well hold on

16
00:01:10,720 --> 00:01:18,000
a second line as I took grade 11 chemistry look at the mass of a helium

17
00:01:15,360 --> 00:01:23,000
atom it's lower than the two hydrogen isotopes that smash together to produce

18
00:01:19,920 --> 00:01:25,680
it well it turns out that this missing

19
00:01:23,000 --> 00:01:30,439
Mass was converted to energy during the fusion process because of differences in

20
00:01:28,159 --> 00:01:35,960
how strongly the protons and neutrons that make up hydrogen and helium stick

21
00:01:32,720 --> 00:01:39,479
to each other and a very small amount of

22
00:01:35,960 --> 00:01:41,159
mass is equal to a huge amount of energy

23
00:01:39,479 --> 00:01:44,680
you know that famous equation that people spout out whenever they want to

24
00:01:42,520 --> 00:01:50,240
look really smart what that means is that Fusion is extremely powerful even

25
00:01:47,920 --> 00:01:54,520
more than conventional nuclear fishing which splits atoms instead of smashing

26
00:01:52,200 --> 00:01:59,240
them together and because the only byproduct is helium we'd be rid of the

27
00:01:57,680 --> 00:02:04,039
carbon emissions from burning fossil fuels and you wouldn't even have to

28
00:02:01,759 --> 00:02:08,440
worry about radiation presenting an environmental hazard well cool then so

29
00:02:07,200 --> 00:02:13,480
why don't we just get a bunch of hydrogen and start like smashing atoms

30
00:02:11,480 --> 00:02:18,080
the special isotope of hydrogen that we need for Fusion called dyum is abundant

31
00:02:16,440 --> 00:02:21,920
in the oceans and could meet our energy needs for millions of years so it's not

32
00:02:19,840 --> 00:02:26,720
like we don't have enough fuel well there are other problems aside from the

33
00:02:24,239 --> 00:02:31,080
obligatory funding issues and political wrangling that come with any major

34
00:02:28,519 --> 00:02:36,680
scientific Endeavor one one major issue is that you need lots of energy to start

35
00:02:33,720 --> 00:02:41,519
a fusion reaction in the first place our own sun is a natural Fusion reactor in

36
00:02:39,599 --> 00:02:45,879
fact hydrogen Fusion has kept it burning for billions of years and will keep it

37
00:02:43,400 --> 00:02:51,280
burning for billions more but the sun can only do this naturally because it's

38
00:02:48,200 --> 00:02:53,800
so large the intense gravity at its core

39
00:02:51,280 --> 00:02:57,879
creates temperatures of millions of degrees that both smart guy it's hot

40
00:02:56,519 --> 00:03:02,840
enough to make the atoms fuse don't worry about it but here on Earth Earth

41
00:03:00,239 --> 00:03:08,840
creating those kinds of conditions is much more difficult right now there are

42
00:03:06,519 --> 00:03:15,200
experimental Fusion reactors that do work but because we have to heat dyum to

43
00:03:12,319 --> 00:03:20,120
such high temperatures they require more power to be put into them than they

44
00:03:17,560 --> 00:03:25,080
actually generate like trying to charge a solar flashlight with another

45
00:03:22,200 --> 00:03:30,040
flashlight the other big issue is how to keep a fusion reaction going once you

46
00:03:27,519 --> 00:03:35,400
started it you need to create enough excess energy with your initial reaction

47
00:03:32,680 --> 00:03:39,680
to cause other atoms to fuse not to mention that you then need a way to

48
00:03:37,120 --> 00:03:43,879
contain that reaction not only to keep it dense enough to keep temperatures up

49
00:03:42,080 --> 00:03:48,200
but also because you don't want a hydrogen plasma heated to millions of

50
00:03:46,159 --> 00:03:52,480
degrees hitting the walls of the reactor for what I think should be fairly

51
00:03:49,480 --> 00:03:54,720
obvious reasons a very strong magnetic

52
00:03:52,480 --> 00:03:59,120
field is one possible solution to the containment problem which is being used

53
00:03:57,159 --> 00:04:03,720
in one of the newest experimental Fusion reactors at in Germany German

54
00:04:01,319 --> 00:04:09,360
engineering am I right whose next goal is to keep a reaction going for a mere

55
00:04:06,040 --> 00:04:11,519
30 minutes to see if sustainable Fusion

56
00:04:09,360 --> 00:04:16,840
is something that's even feasible down the line so we're still a ways away from

57
00:04:14,200 --> 00:04:22,040
seemingly Limitless clean energy but we are starting to see the possibility that

58
00:04:19,160 --> 00:04:26,639
Fusion could be the solution to a future energy crisis that is assuming of course

59
00:04:24,720 --> 00:04:31,199
that Doc O doesn't come along and steal it for his evil layer I can't come up

60
00:04:29,039 --> 00:04:35,400
with a transition for this so tunnel Bear yeah that's right tunnel bear

61
00:04:33,639 --> 00:04:39,080
tunnel bear is the VPN that lets you tunnel to 20 different countries

62
00:04:37,280 --> 00:04:44,520
allowing you to browse the internet and use online services as though you are in

63
00:04:42,240 --> 00:04:49,039
one of those countries which sounds great but it's not the best part the

64
00:04:46,280 --> 00:04:53,400
best part is tunnel bear is easy to use they have apps for iOS Android PC and

65
00:04:51,280 --> 00:04:57,479
Mac they also have a Chrome extension and all you got to do is choose a

66
00:04:55,000 --> 00:05:01,840
country in the app turn tunnel bear on and watch as your bear tunnels your

67
00:04:59,240 --> 00:05:04,840
internet connection to a new location you don't actually watch anything there

68
00:05:03,240 --> 00:05:08,880
wouldn't be time to watch it it like turns on in like a couple of seconds

69
00:05:06,880 --> 00:05:13,800
anyway once it's on your connection gets encrypted and your public IP address

70
00:05:10,960 --> 00:05:18,960
gets switched and that's it you bypass all those annoying details like Port

71
00:05:16,400 --> 00:05:22,280
configurations DNS any router settings anything like that tunnel bear handles

72
00:05:20,479 --> 00:05:26,360
it all in the background they've got a top rated privacy policy and if you're

73
00:05:24,720 --> 00:05:30,840
not sure if tunnel bear is right for you you can try it out for free with 500

74
00:05:28,840 --> 00:05:34,160
Megs of data and and no credit card required then if you decide you like it

75
00:05:32,680 --> 00:05:38,720
and you want to upgrade to unlimited data you can save 10% by going to Tunnel

76
00:05:36,360 --> 00:05:42,080
bear.com Linus Linked In the video description thanks for watching like if

77
00:05:40,560 --> 00:05:47,520
you liked dislike if you dislike look at our other channels leave a comment with future suggestions for videos that you

78
00:05:45,520 --> 00:05:50,520
want to see And subscribe and follow and all that good stuff