WEBVTT 00:00:00.120 --> 00:00:06.319 back in the good old days when you were watching Techquickie with nothing but a 00:00:03.800 --> 00:00:10.080 television antenna I mean not really that never happened but you know what I 00:00:07.640 --> 00:00:16.240 mean your TV was able to pick up a signal that just kind of emanated from a 00:00:13.759 --> 00:00:21.480 station somewhere that broadcasted the signal in a big kind of like bubble that 00:00:18.520 --> 00:00:26.640 anyone in range with a TV and bunny ears could watch but of course videos on 00:00:24.039 --> 00:00:32.399 YouTube and other sites don't work this way instead internet traffic actually 00:00:29.400 --> 00:00:39.239 has to be routed to the correct Place directly and unlike an old school TV or 00:00:35.480 --> 00:00:42.280 radio signal online data has to know 00:00:39.239 --> 00:00:45.199 where it's going so how then does it do 00:00:42.280 --> 00:00:50.719 this well this is where something called tcpip comes in which stands for 00:00:47.960 --> 00:00:56.520 transmission control protocol and Internet Protocol now you may have seen 00:00:53.359 --> 00:00:58.840 some vague references to tcpip in your 00:00:56.520 --> 00:01:04.839 network card or browser settings but what exactly is is that you can actually 00:01:01.719 --> 00:01:07.280 think of tcpip as a cake or a club 00:01:04.839 --> 00:01:12.000 sandwich since the way it works is often conceptualized in layers it's just that 00:01:10.159 --> 00:01:17.280 those layers are made up of computer code instead of icing or delicious 00:01:14.040 --> 00:01:19.280 corned beef the topmost layer is called 00:01:17.280 --> 00:01:24.799 the application layer which is what programs like your web browser directly 00:01:21.880 --> 00:01:30.479 interact with this layer has protocols like HTTP if you're visiting websites or 00:01:27.759 --> 00:01:35.119 SMTP if you're checking your email the next layer down is called the 00:01:32.439 --> 00:01:40.159 transport layer where TCP lives along with another schema called UDP which is 00:01:37.880 --> 00:01:45.520 a bit faster and useful for low latency applications like online games after the 00:01:43.520 --> 00:01:49.960 application layer gets the data from whatever program you're using it talks 00:01:47.799 --> 00:01:54.560 to the transport layer through something called a port now each Port can be 00:01:52.479 --> 00:01:59.360 assigned to a different protocol in the application layer so that TCP knows 00:01:57.600 --> 00:02:04.000 where the data is coming from for example most activity in your web 00:02:01.560 --> 00:02:11.200 browser will go through Port 80 which is what HTTP always uses once TCP gets the 00:02:08.479 --> 00:02:15.800 data it chops it up into small chunks called packets so that they can be 00:02:13.599 --> 00:02:19.319 disposed of in a nearby lake so no one will ever find no sorry what were we 00:02:17.400 --> 00:02:24.120 talking about uh where they can be where they can individually take the quickest 00:02:21.640 --> 00:02:27.959 route over the internet to get wherever it is they're going to make sure that 00:02:26.120 --> 00:02:33.440 the receiving computer can put the packets back together properly dental 00:02:30.319 --> 00:02:35.239 records are included so sorry to put it 00:02:33.440 --> 00:02:42.120 back together properly into driving directions a Techquickie episode or an 00:02:38.200 --> 00:02:44.440 advice animal meme TCP slaps a header 00:02:42.120 --> 00:02:50.000 onto each packet that contains instructions on what order to reassemble 00:02:47.480 --> 00:02:53.720 the packets into as well as error checking information so that the 00:02:51.599 --> 00:02:59.120 receiving computer knows whether the packets data arrived without any 00:02:56.440 --> 00:03:04.680 mishaps after this is done the packets are pushed onto the creatively named 00:03:02.040 --> 00:03:11.760 internet layer which uses the Internet Protocol or IP to attach both the origin 00:03:08.760 --> 00:03:14.239 and destination IP addresses so the 00:03:11.760 --> 00:03:18.920 packet knows where it came from and where it's going the data is then sent 00:03:16.920 --> 00:03:23.799 through the final Network layer that handles things like mac addressing so 00:03:21.599 --> 00:03:28.159 the packets go to the right physical machine as well as converting the data 00:03:26.280 --> 00:03:33.239 into electrical impulses that will actually pass through the ver verbial 00:03:30.280 --> 00:03:38.000 series of tubes and although every single packet of data has to go through 00:03:35.439 --> 00:03:42.560 all of these layers packet switching actually makes the internet faster than 00:03:40.200 --> 00:03:46.879 it would otherwise be since it allows each packet to individually avoid 00:03:45.159 --> 00:03:52.200 congestion and bottlenecks that would occur if all the data had to travel 00:03:49.599 --> 00:03:57.319 along the same route during each session tcpip also streamlines things further 00:03:55.319 --> 00:04:02.920 because it can deal with packets from all your computer's applications so that 00:03:59.920 --> 00:04:05.640 browser or game doesn't have to do that 00:04:02.920 --> 00:04:10.439 by itself so all this stuff going on behind the scenes means that you're 00:04:07.640 --> 00:04:15.200 usually not kept waiting for too long at least not anymore since tcpip didn't 00:04:12.799 --> 00:04:18.359 exactly save us from blocky videos back when we were all using phone modems that 00:04:16.840 --> 00:04:24.479 sounded like a couple of droids trying to have a conversation wouldn't that be funny like 00:04:21.840 --> 00:04:29.520 a sci-fi movie set 30 years from the future where instead of the droids being 00:04:26.800 --> 00:04:32.800 like they actually sound like modems that's what modems are doing I know 00:04:31.360 --> 00:04:38.720 that's what they're doing that's damn it Taran speaking of what 00:04:35.919 --> 00:04:44.039 modems are doing they are telling the sites 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