WEBVTT 00:00:00.040 --> 00:00:07.040 if you've ever you know used the internet which you've probably done 00:00:04.600 --> 00:00:13.040 considering you're watching this video you've almost certainly typed in a 00:00:09.120 --> 00:00:14.920 uniform resource locator or URL to get 00:00:13.040 --> 00:00:20.720 where you're going online but while some are simple like line ofc tapes.com or 00:00:17.840 --> 00:00:27.000 whitehouse.gov fulllength URLs can look awfully confusing why do we need HTTP in 00:00:24.439 --> 00:00:32.279 there and what are all those Amber Sands question marks and pound or excuse me 00:00:30.080 --> 00:00:37.160 hash signs doing it's a good question let's demystify the ingredients of your 00:00:34.920 --> 00:00:41.920 typical web address starting with the beginning of the scheme the most 00:00:39.200 --> 00:00:46.719 familiar will probably be HTTP which stands for hypertext transfer protocol 00:00:44.559 --> 00:00:51.079 the set of commands that handles the transmission of web pages but there are 00:00:49.160 --> 00:00:55.199 other schemes as well if you've ever clicked on an email address you might 00:00:52.600 --> 00:00:59.039 notice that the link starts with mail to a scheme that tells the browser to open 00:00:56.879 --> 00:01:05.159 up your email clients you can fire off a message there's Al FTP or file transfer 00:01:02.079 --> 00:01:07.320 protocol which is used to send well 00:01:05.159 --> 00:01:12.799 files as you probably guess to and from remote servers and even IRC which allows 00:01:10.720 --> 00:01:17.680 you to connect directly to a chat room the next part of a typical URL is 00:01:14.840 --> 00:01:24.439 usually a domain name the name of a website like Amazon.com or microsoft.com 00:01:20.960 --> 00:01:28.240 the doc.net or.org at the end is called 00:01:24.439 --> 00:01:30.720 a top level domain or TLD which you can 00:01:28.240 --> 00:01:35.079 think of as the main cat categories that sort every website on the internet and 00:01:33.280 --> 00:01:39.920 help route requests through a certain group of servers to get you to the 00:01:36.960 --> 00:01:44.880 correct website typically will indicate a commercial website of some sort .org 00:01:42.439 --> 00:01:49.360 indicates a nonprofit organization and there are plenty of tlds that indicate 00:01:46.880 --> 00:01:55.520 sites associated with a certain country like us oruk more recently country-based 00:01:52.960 --> 00:01:59.479 tlds have been used in so-called domain hacks like 00:01:57.159 --> 00:02:03.840 youtube.be which allows links to YouTube videos to be shorter this doesn't mean 00:02:01.920 --> 00:02:07.960 however that the site has anything to do with the kingdom of Belgium much of the 00:02:06.360 --> 00:02:13.680 rest of the URL the part that is separated by slashes indicates the path 00:02:10.640 --> 00:02:15.959 or the specific location of the page or 00:02:13.680 --> 00:02:20.680 other piece of content on the specific website each slash indicates another 00:02:18.319 --> 00:02:25.760 subfolder kind of like how files on your computer storage Drive are organized as 00:02:23.080 --> 00:02:30.599 for question marks these make a URL hard to read but their existence actually 00:02:28.000 --> 00:02:35.480 makes a lot of sense they indicate a query defined by the user for example if 00:02:33.280 --> 00:02:40.319 you type a search into Google you'll see your string in the results page URL 00:02:38.000 --> 00:02:45.480 after the question mark symbol which tells the server to execute that search 00:02:43.120 --> 00:02:50.040 if a URL has multiple queries these will be separated by Amber sance showing that 00:02:48.080 --> 00:02:54.640 the browser is relaying multiple pieces of information to the website such as 00:02:52.640 --> 00:02:59.159 what kind of browser you using or whether you were referred to a page from 00:02:57.360 --> 00:03:03.959 a certain site and if you've ever clicked a link just to have it send you 00:03:01.200 --> 00:03:08.200 somewhere else on the same page that was probably done through a fragment 00:03:05.760 --> 00:03:12.840 indicated by a pound sign fragments can Mark specific spots on a web page but 00:03:11.040 --> 00:03:17.560 can also indicate other things like the folder you're looking at in Gmail URLs 00:03:15.200 --> 00:03:21.599 can also incorporate a few rarely seen variations for example if you're trying 00:03:19.480 --> 00:03:25.440 to access a website that requires a login and password some sites will allow 00:03:23.959 --> 00:03:30.840 you to just enter the username and password in the URL directly logging you 00:03:28.319 --> 00:03:35.640 in automatically venient if you need to quickly share a link to a protected site 00:03:33.159 --> 00:03:40.480 but not the best thing for security as your browser history will show your 00:03:37.319 --> 00:03:42.560 password in plain text and if you've 00:03:40.480 --> 00:03:47.439 ever visited a site based in a country that doesn't use Latin characters like 00:03:44.599 --> 00:03:51.920 Greece or China you might see a really weird domain name that includes xn dot 00:03:50.400 --> 00:03:56.400 this means that the original characters were converted into a domain name 00:03:53.920 --> 00:04:01.239 compatible with the DNS so computers worldwide can view these pages but if 00:03:59.000 --> 00:04:06.280 the path after the domain name contains special characters you'll probably see 00:04:03.280 --> 00:04:08.200 these displayed with percent encoding 00:04:06.280 --> 00:04:14.079 which is also sometimes used for other symbols for example percent sign 24 00:04:11.720 --> 00:04:18.560 corresponds to a dollar sign so I hope this helped unpack the mystifying stuff 00:04:16.280 --> 00:04:23.960 you see in web addresses now if you'll excuse me I've got to get back to my IRC 00:04:20.840 --> 00:04:26.240 discussion on whether ninja or meme are 00:04:23.960 --> 00:04:30.520 actually good top level domains I think they are but some other unscrupulous 00:04:28.479 --> 00:04:34.160 people disagree tunnel bear VPN lets you tunnel to up to 00:04:32.560 --> 00:04:37.840 20 different countries allowing you to browse the internet and use online 00:04:35.840 --> 00:04:42.160 services as if you're in that other country they have easy to use apps for 00:04:39.800 --> 00:04:46.039 iOS Android PC and mac and they also have a Chrome extension just choose a 00:04:43.960 --> 00:04:49.919 country in the app turn tunnel bear on and watch as your bear tunnels your 00:04:47.600 --> 00:04:52.960 internet connection to your new location when you do turn tunnel bear on two 00:04:51.600 --> 00:04:58.560 things happen your connection gets encrypted with AES 256-bit encryption 00:04:56.000 --> 00:05:01.639 and your public IP address gets switched so you show up as if you're in that 00:05:00.080 --> 00:05:05.840 country they also have a top rated privacy policy and do not log user 00:05:03.800 --> 00:05:10.080 activity you can try out tunnel bear VPN with 500 megabytes of free data and no 00:05:08.199 --> 00:05:14.560 credit card required and if you choose to get a year of unlimited data you can 00:05:12.039 --> 00:05:17.840 save 10% by going to Tunnel bear.com Linus thanks for watching guys if you 00:05:16.440 --> 00:05:20.919 like this video like it if you dislike this video dislike it get subscribed and 00:05:19.440 --> 00:05:25.600 hit the little bell to see all of the tech cookie videos that we have chuckle 00:05:23.280 --> 00:05:30.720 Channel Super Fun because they are fun and super and I'm going to go now so 00:05:27.560 --> 00:05:32.600 that Alex can walk walk by go ahead 00:05:30.720 --> 00:05:37.039 there we go best part of the video 10 out of 10 we'll do it again bye guys