if you've ever you know used the internet which you've probably done
considering you're watching this video you've almost certainly typed in a
uniform resource locator or URL to get
where you're going online but while some are simple like line ofc tapes.com or
whitehouse.gov fulllength URLs can look awfully confusing why do we need HTTP in
there and what are all those Amber Sands question marks and pound or excuse me
hash signs doing it's a good question let's demystify the ingredients of your
typical web address starting with the beginning of the scheme the most
familiar will probably be HTTP which stands for hypertext transfer protocol
the set of commands that handles the transmission of web pages but there are
other schemes as well if you've ever clicked on an email address you might
notice that the link starts with mail to a scheme that tells the browser to open
up your email clients you can fire off a message there's Al FTP or file transfer
protocol which is used to send well
files as you probably guess to and from remote servers and even IRC which allows
you to connect directly to a chat room the next part of a typical URL is
usually a domain name the name of a website like Amazon.com or microsoft.com
the doc.net or.org at the end is called
a top level domain or TLD which you can
think of as the main cat categories that sort every website on the internet and
help route requests through a certain group of servers to get you to the
correct website typically will indicate a commercial website of some sort .org
indicates a nonprofit organization and there are plenty of tlds that indicate
sites associated with a certain country like us oruk more recently country-based
tlds have been used in so-called domain hacks like
youtube.be which allows links to YouTube videos to be shorter this doesn't mean
however that the site has anything to do with the kingdom of Belgium much of the
rest of the URL the part that is separated by slashes indicates the path
or the specific location of the page or
other piece of content on the specific website each slash indicates another
subfolder kind of like how files on your computer storage Drive are organized as
for question marks these make a URL hard to read but their existence actually
makes a lot of sense they indicate a query defined by the user for example if
you type a search into Google you'll see your string in the results page URL
after the question mark symbol which tells the server to execute that search
if a URL has multiple queries these will be separated by Amber sance showing that
the browser is relaying multiple pieces of information to the website such as
what kind of browser you using or whether you were referred to a page from
a certain site and if you've ever clicked a link just to have it send you
somewhere else on the same page that was probably done through a fragment
indicated by a pound sign fragments can Mark specific spots on a web page but
can also indicate other things like the folder you're looking at in Gmail URLs
can also incorporate a few rarely seen variations for example if you're trying
to access a website that requires a login and password some sites will allow
you to just enter the username and password in the URL directly logging you
in automatically venient if you need to quickly share a link to a protected site
but not the best thing for security as your browser history will show your
password in plain text and if you've
ever visited a site based in a country that doesn't use Latin characters like
Greece or China you might see a really weird domain name that includes xn dot
this means that the original characters were converted into a domain name
compatible with the DNS so computers worldwide can view these pages but if
the path after the domain name contains special characters you'll probably see
these displayed with percent encoding
which is also sometimes used for other symbols for example percent sign 24
corresponds to a dollar sign so I hope this helped unpack the mystifying stuff
you see in web addresses now if you'll excuse me I've got to get back to my IRC
discussion on whether ninja or meme are
actually good top level domains I think they are but some other unscrupulous
people disagree tunnel bear VPN lets you tunnel to up to
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save 10% by going to Tunnel bear.com Linus thanks for watching guys if you
like this video like it if you dislike this video dislike it get subscribed and
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Channel Super Fun because they are fun and super and I'm going to go now so
that Alex can walk walk by go ahead
there we go best part of the video 10 out of 10 we'll do it again bye guys