WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:05.160 thanks for watching Techquickie click the subscribe button then enable 00:00:03.210 --> 00:00:10.050 notifications with the Bell icon so you won't miss any future videos if you're 00:00:08.069 --> 00:00:14.730 one of our younger viewers you may not remember a time before a hundred and 00:00:12.420 --> 00:00:21.150 twenty Gigabyte hard drives were the bare minimum but others of you may 00:00:17.850 --> 00:00:24.840 actually recall the days where two gigs 00:00:21.150 --> 00:00:27.800 was an extravagant luxury these days 00:00:24.840 --> 00:00:33.719 though it isn't uncommon to see multi terabyte drives in even mid-range 00:00:31.019 --> 00:00:41.940 computers due to the exploding file sizes from ever more elaborate PC games 00:00:36.930 --> 00:00:45.289 and 4k movies I mean a single to our 4k 00:00:41.940 --> 00:00:47.570 film on blu-ray can take up around 45 00:00:45.289 --> 00:00:54.329 gigabytes of space which got us thinking 00:00:50.449 --> 00:00:57.629 exactly how big could one single file 00:00:54.329 --> 00:00:59.850 get is there a hard limit is it bound 00:00:57.629 --> 00:01:05.939 only by the capacity of your storage medium I mean could you theoretically 00:01:02.340 --> 00:01:09.420 sit there and watch every movie TV show 00:01:05.939 --> 00:01:12.450 and cat video ever made packed into one 00:01:09.420 --> 00:01:16.049 mp4 file provided you had a hard drive 00:01:12.450 --> 00:01:18.740 and bucket of popcorn large enough well 00:01:16.049 --> 00:01:22.250 as it turns out the answer is complicated 00:01:20.299 --> 00:01:28.860 there is actually a crucial limiting factor to 00:01:25.680 --> 00:01:30.689 file sizes your storage devices file 00:01:28.860 --> 00:01:37.500 system and you can learn more about that up here but simply put a file system is 00:01:34.560 --> 00:01:44.040 the scheme that your hard drive SSD or memory card uses to organize and keep 00:01:40.860 --> 00:01:47.009 track of your files and one thing that 00:01:44.040 --> 00:01:53.130 most modern file systems do is keep records of how large each file is both 00:01:50.909 --> 00:01:58.950 so that the user can manage his or her disk space and so the computer can keep 00:01:56.729 --> 00:02:04.710 track of how much space is being used in different physical parts of the drive 00:02:01.640 --> 00:02:09.750 these size values are stored as either a 00:02:04.710 --> 00:02:12.629 32-bit or a 64-bit value so older 00:02:09.750 --> 00:02:18.810 operating systems like Windows 98 often used 30 two-bit file systems fat32 was 00:02:16.080 --> 00:02:24.260 the most common on home pcs in the late 90s and actually still persists in some 00:02:21.150 --> 00:02:28.050 applications today but unfortunately 00:02:24.260 --> 00:02:30.780 the highest value you can express in 32 00:02:28.050 --> 00:02:36.420 bits is a little over 4.2 billion meaning that the file size limit on many 00:02:33.569 --> 00:02:42.840 desktop computers used to be four point two gigabytes which is less than a full 00:02:39.810 --> 00:02:45.959 single layer DVD so that clearly 00:02:42.840 --> 00:02:48.930 wouldn't cut it these days but ever 00:02:45.959 --> 00:02:56.130 since Windows XP Microsoft has switched over its home operating systems to the 00:02:52.080 --> 00:02:58.620 NTFS file system which supports 64-bit 00:02:56.130 --> 00:03:05.099 file sizes something that would have caused slowdowns due to file system 00:03:00.810 --> 00:03:08.130 overhead on older pcs so nowadays the 00:03:05.099 --> 00:03:12.950 theoretical limit for a single NTFS file 00:03:08.130 --> 00:03:16.860 is over 18 exabytes enough to hold 00:03:12.950 --> 00:03:19.590 400 million of those 4k movies that I 00:03:16.860 --> 00:03:26.450 mentioned earlier though good luck finding a drive that large and anyway as 00:03:22.890 --> 00:03:29.370 with many other theoretical maximums the 00:03:26.450 --> 00:03:34.470 real-life limit is actually smaller modern operating systems impose 00:03:31.680 --> 00:03:41.340 additional limits on file sizes with Windows 10 cutting you off at 17 and a 00:03:37.470 --> 00:03:43.410 half terabytes I mean that is still 00:03:41.340 --> 00:03:49.109 larger than any hard drive on the market at the time we shot this episode but 00:03:46.100 --> 00:03:51.660 years from now we may have to rethink 00:03:49.109 --> 00:03:56.940 file systems yet again if they figure out a way for us to dump our 00:03:53.639 --> 00:03:59.359 consciousness onto a 100x of a DNA 00:03:56.940 --> 00:04:06.450 storage thing speaking of storage tunnel bear is the 00:04:02.819 --> 00:04:08.819 VPN that doesn't log your activity yes 00:04:06.450 --> 00:04:14.340 my friends they've got a top rated privacy policy and are basically 00:04:11.060 --> 00:04:16.859 freaking awesome for anyone with privacy 00:04:14.340 --> 00:04:21.060 concerns about their web browsing or who just wants to get around pesky geo 00:04:18.810 --> 00:04:25.460 restrictions on the internet 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