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putting something together yourself can be a really satisfying experience

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whether it's a recipe a tool shed or of course your own PC but ordering parts

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from your favorite website and slotting them together is really as far as most

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people go I mean you can't exactly whip up a a CPU from scratch can you well you

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can't but fortunately companies like Intel Global foundaries and tsmc do it

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every day but how believe it or not the

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main ingredient in that fancy cor i7

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sitting in your rig or that Snapdragon sitting in your smartphone is sand I

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mean it isn't exactly the same stuff that you find on the beach it's

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specially mined in order to be more pure

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than what you would make a sand castle out of and this sand is heated to

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thousands of degrees and chemically purified to produce a virtually Flawless

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cylinder of silicon hence the name Silicon Valley for California is

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high-tech region now the reason that Purity is so important is that as

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processor technology has continued to advance the tiny transistors on CPUs

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have gotten smaller and smaller so that more of them can fit on One processor

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die making it more powerful and because

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chipmakers are now packing as many of these transistors as possible onto CPUs

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the margins for error are extremely slim making precise manufacturing and Ultra

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Clean environments abs absolute musts so

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after the Silicon is purified it's cut into what are called Wafers which

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resemble mirrors more than the cracker kind of wafer that wafer is then

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polished a photosensitive chemical is applied kind of like what's used in film

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then ultraviolet light is sha through a stencil that's shaped exactly like the

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transistor layout that the engineers created for the CPU because Wafers

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themselves are usually quite large the process of shining light through the

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stencil can be repeated many times fitting hundreds of CPU dyes onto a

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single wafer after the UV light step is

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complete the wafer is washed in a solvent that dissolves the exposed areas

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leaving a pattern that another machine etches into the wafer itself these

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etches are then bombarded by ions that charged atoms that embed themselves into

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the Silicon changing the way that they conduct electricity to create

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transistors that only allow current to flow in One Direction which means they

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can function as Tiny switches or Gates

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that make your CPU able to understand instructions which by the way you can

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learn more about here in fact the whole reason we use silicon as the base for

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processors is because of its ability to accept these ions that form the

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foundation for modern transistors so after these transistors

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are created the next step is to connect them together to make a functional

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processor die this is done with rigid copper interconnects essentially tiny

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wires that are applied on top of the transistors with a similar ultraviolet

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and etching process to what I explained earlier exactly how they're connected

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depends on what CPU architecture the engineers are using whether it be

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something like Sky Lake code name Skylake for Intel or code name zen for

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AMD this is done in many many layers to

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prevent any of these wires from accidentally touching and causing a

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ShortCircuit or any other kind of defect the dyes are then tested and the

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good ones are placed into a CPU package

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that is what allows it to plug into the socket on your motherboard you add a

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heat spreader on top of that and voila you've got the Beating Heart of your new

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PC phone or anything else that requires a CPU but is silicon always going to be

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the core ingredient in the buffet of CPUs of life

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well because of the chemical properties of silicon actually the answer is

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probably no we're very close to the physical limit of how small transistors

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can be made on Silicon meaning that we may see CPUs made from something

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completely different by the end of this decade but silicon will remain very

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useful for quite some time and besides renaming the Bay Area indium gallium

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arsenide Valley just doesn't really roll

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off the T but you know what does roll off the tongue fresh books fresh books fresh

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idea is fresh books are really not what

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accounting books so figuratively there but anyway the point is fresh books is

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by going to freshbooks.com tequi and entering techquickie in the

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how did You Hear About Us section it's linked in the video description so

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thanks for watching guys if you like the video like it if you disliked it well

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I'm sorry to hear that but I guess you can dislike the video check out our

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other channels by the way we have a video uh coming very soon on channel

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super fun you're going to want to get subscribed to Channel Super Fun because it's awesome where we like actually oh

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this is kind of a oh it's kind of like a spoilers thing okay well whatever we

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build lightsabers it's really freaking cool uh guys leave a comment under this

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video if you have suggestions for future fastest possible videos and as always

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don't forget to subscribe and follow and all that good stuff