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this is not the future of the pc

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this is if the enthusiast in you screams that no you can't just replace gpus and

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cpus with integrated socs i am here to

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tell you that apple silicon gober apple

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obviously knows it and make no mistake Intel AMD and NVIDIA all know it too the

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writing is on the wall and now it's just a matter of time pcs need to change

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and i'm going to tell you how and why right after i tell you about our

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a lot of you really liked our how to build a pc the last guide you'll ever

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need and i'm really glad that you do because it took so much effort to make

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but look at that run time and it could have been even longer

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think about how many components go into a typical pc build and then look at this

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unassuming little box the mac studio in

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our testing the m1 ultra variant pulled a grand total of

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223.4 watts from the wall under the

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heaviest load that we could give it and the m1 max version didn't even break

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three digits if we ignore the rosetta results they achieved 88 and 61 percent

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respectively of the core i9 12900k and

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rtx 3090 bench's overall performance in our productivity testing at just 34 and

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15 of the total system power at most the

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12 900k the CPU alone can draw more power than

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the whole m1 ultra mac studio and

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developers are still figuring out how to optimize for apple silicon now

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look at that pc and all its components again all the raw materials that go into

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making it what it is it's wasteful right in almost every way except economically

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it's not that x86 is inherently bad but it has limitations that even Intel have

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tried to overcome themselves with projects like titanium while extensions

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have given it more life its complex instruction set design is at its core an

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old one that dates back to the late 1970s literally every x86 based CPU

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boots up in 8086 compatibility mode and

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can in theory run software made for the

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og ibm pc precious die space and

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transistors are used for supporting instructions and modes that might be

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redundant or not even remotely useful today but must be there to maintain

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compatibility with the architecture and now if i'm Intel or AMD looking at my

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options i'm sweating a little and weighing a switch to ARM while neither

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currently sells an armed CPU both hold

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armed licenses and AMD is on record saying that they're willing and able to

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do it it wasn't that long ago even that

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Intel had their own reduced instruction set CPU called the i860 and i-960 and

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you'd be kidding yourself if you thought they weren't prototyping stuff on the

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side like apple was when they were suffering through 14 nanometer plus plus

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plus a change in the pc industry would of course have a teething period like

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apple silicon is currently experiencing but it could eventually be a good thing

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and not just for efficiency think about it Intel and AMD are alone in the CPU

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race right now just like AMD and NVIDIA are currently alone in the GPU race and

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if Intel had their way in the 90s or in 2015 there'd be only one

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thanks to Intel's control over performance and efficiency enhancing

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extensions used on modern cpus like sse and avx and AMD's control over the

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64-bit extensions that every desktop CPU

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since core 2 has used we don't have any other desktop CPU manufacturers anyone

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entering the x86 market would have to reverse engineer those extensions to

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compete because AMD and Intel have a technology sharing agreement that

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forbids sub licensing and expires if either company changes hands by contrast

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ARM doesn't sell anything directly they develop the base specifications and then

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they license that to other companies who then have the option of tweaking and

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adding to those designs to tailor them to suit their needs this is how apple

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silicon came to be and if ARM took off on the desktop we could see not only

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mobile players like qualcomm samsung and mediatek enter the ring but maybe google

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or even hp they used to make their own cpus once too and we can't forget NVIDIA

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whose last consumer ARM soc uses GPU cores from 2014 and lives on in the

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nintendo switch and shield tv plus actually it's kind of bizarre that

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NVIDIA hasn't continued to produce consumer socs like perhaps contractual

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obligations within and outside of NVIDIA's control had something to do

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with it because not only were they close to straight up buying ARM a sign that

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they knew times were changing but they're also still actively developing

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ARM socs just not for consumers their grace data center soc for ali

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acceleration has a surprisingly similar level of integration to apple silicon on

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paper and is just begging to be scaled down so that consumers can use it just

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like the tesla's and not quadro gpus do with g-force but let's back up a sec

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duopoly aside if x86 is so bad and ARM

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is so good why is x86 still the king of

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the pc well prior to apple silicon

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you'd be forgiven for thinking that ARM

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chips simply can't perform like Intel and AMD qualcomm has a

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virtual monopoly over non-apple ARM pcs

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and a literal monopoly in the Windows ecosystem thanks to an exclusivity

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agreement with microsoft when that deal was penned it probably did make some

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sense qualcomm was the third biggest chip maker even as of mid-2020 and

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there's still a giant who's recently been eyeing a slice of the ARM pie for

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themselves so assuming qualcomm would become the biggest supplier of desktop

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ARM chips it made sense for microsoft to want to optimize for that hardware

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unfortunately for microsoft and for us there is no polite way to put this even

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qualcomm's latest chips suck which recently prompted google to follow

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samsung and apple and going their own way with tensor and may eventually

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prompt microsoft to do the same qualcomm's utter failure to compete in

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the pc space so far has given Intel AMD and especially NVIDIA precious breathing

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room and we're not saying that the pc as we know it is dead today it definitely

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still has some life left and they'll first probably try to integrate x86 socs

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more tightly before they consider switching over Intel for example could

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very well be working on an soc that combines alder lake's efficiency cores

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with a larger number of xc graphics cores and ai engine blocks taking the

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dye space that would otherwise have been allocated to the bigger performance

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cores even so reduced instruction set architectures proved their worth in the

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late 90s with early ARM licenses and with power pc which was famously used in

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the first imax clock for clock power pc tended to outperform x86 by a wide

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margin though this did depend on the task and eventually powerpc hit a

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performance and efficiency wall just like x86 is today Intel's titanium for

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its part was supposed to be a sort of successor to risk as a concept by using

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one hp termed explicitly parallel instruction computing or epic yes

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naming has always been bad unlike our swag it from ltdstore.com it describes

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exactly what it is a sweater and a jacket as we know today titanium didn't

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work out so well still even Intel saw that the x86's days were numbered their

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plan for pentium 4 was more or less to just clock it as high as it would go and

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hope that the numbers kept going up and now that we're back to this phase again

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where we can't physically fit more cores on a die because new process nodes are

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providing less additional density something's got to give

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the current solution stacking dies will only get you so far when you're already

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pushing 241 watts by comparison a lot of

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ARM's advantages today come not strictly from its reduced instruction set but

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from how it's typically bundled into a system-on-chip configuration where

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virtually the entire computer is super close to the CPU cores why does this

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matter when we already have apus it's all about density and power draw simply

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expanding the size of the die isn't normally a good idea from power and

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thermal perspective but ARM cores are typically much smaller than x86 and sip

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far less power so not only can you fit more of them into the same space

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you're also not as limited in terms of die size in general m1 ultra's die area

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is bigger than the rtx 3090 ti let's do

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a case study AMD's 8 core ryzen 7 5700g desktop apus

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are somewhere between an m1 and m1 pro in terms of die size the apu dedicates

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just over a quarter of the utilized die space to CPU cores and cache alone and

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just 10 to the GPU for thermal management there's also a fair amount of

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unused white space even within the cores themselves meanwhile even m1's big

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performance CPU cores are tiny by comparison with all cores taking just

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over 20 percent of that smaller die area

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the GPU takes up double the relative die space as the apu which means there's way

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more GPU horsepower on tap and still room for other functions like the

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massive media engine neural engine and storage controller there's very little

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white space by comparison not only are those ARM cores efficient enough to

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handle such a compact layout but when so much of the system is contained within

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it significantly less energy has to be used for signaling which also happens to

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be much faster if we tried to push an x86 processor to these densities in

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proximity with this many GPU cores it would quickly become a thermal

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meltdown event sort of like the opposite of how alex had to save a frozen core i9

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12900 ks literally frozen go check it out on flow plane along with more

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exclusive when you're done here and it's scales m1 max sports a larger die than

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the rtx 3070 and m1 ultra is about a

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third again bigger than the rtx 3090 ti

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with the die that large the computy bits of the 3090 ti would take up roughly

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half the m1 ultra's die area while apple currently dedicates just over a third

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that means that if apple built a dedicated big chip design and weren't

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using their own metal API separate from the rest of the industry they

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legitimately could reach high-end GPU levels of real world performance a shame

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that apple had to go their own way but imagine if NVIDIA were to build such

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a thing they could corner the ARM desktop or notebook space very quickly if

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developers were on board especially it's not as simple as gluing them together

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obviously and that GeForce power consumption is still a problem but it's

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also not an impossible hurdle and with the success of apple silicon despite its

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growing pains it's impossible for the industry to ignore the advantages to

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this approach you can have excellent performance coupled with incredibly low

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power draw on a much more open architecture that allows for bigger or

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more aspirational system integrators to tweak things as they see fit this

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potential future will suck for enthusiasts who like getting their hands

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dirty but the alternative is laid bare before us power targets shooting up at

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record pace to the point where we're looking at new connectors to help

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deliver all the juice this generation of hardware now is already incredibly power

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hungry with Intel and AMD squeezing higher and higher frequencies out of

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their cores and NVIDIA rumored to require up to 600 watts for their

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next-gen top-end GPU there's really no backing down we have to ask ourselves

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is it worth it and at what point does it stop being worth it

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at least it's always worth listening to the segways the sponsors like backblaze

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bit more philosophical than usual so maybe go check out something more down

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and dirty for a palette cleanser like our 6.9 gigahertz GPU released on six

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nine it's nice