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i've ever had the experience where even though it looked like there was no issues on your end for your internet

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connection lots of websites are loading extremely slowly or not at all or maybe

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you've even had the opportunity to see the wonders of youtube loading videos

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and 144p despite the fact that you have

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fiber well if you've tried all the usual steps to fix your connection like

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rebooting your router adjusting your dns settings or switching to a wired

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Ethernet connection and still nothing helps not even calling your isp chances

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are there's a peering issue to blame but

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what the heck does that mean all right so because the internet is not one

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centralized network it has to work through different physical networks

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connecting to each other through some sort of agreement the largest networks

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called tier one networks connect to each other using something called settlement

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free peering what this means is that they agree to carry each other's data

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without an expectation of payment strictly speaking peering technically

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refers to no cost arrangements such as these for the purposes of this video

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we're using a broader definition where peering refers to any agreement between

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networks to carry data including paid agreements anyhow these big tier 1

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networks can reach the entire internet without having to pay for the privilege

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for example our american viewers will recognize big names such as att

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centurylink and sprint which have tier 1 networks however most isps are tier 2 or

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tier 3 networks a tier 2 network can do

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some free peering with other networks but has to pay money or purchase transit

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to tier 1 services to access portions of the internet while a tier 3 network

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only purchases transit and then sells the internet access they bought to

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consumers typically all this behind the scenes buying and selling results in a

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seamless experience for the user whether you're trying to view a website hosted

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halfway around the world or just watch another fine episode of techwiki but

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sometimes a poorly conceived peering agreement can really gum up the works

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you see peering agreements usually include an understanding about how much

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bandwidth each network can use if one network's data ends up hitting a

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bandwidth cap or overwhelming the second network throttling and slowdowns can

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result and that's something you're gonna experience this famously happened with

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netflix when cogent a tier one network that carried lots of netflix traffic had

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a dispute with comcast since netflix traffic takes up a surprisingly large

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chunk of internet bandwidth its data ended up throttled when it hit comcast

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servers before it was able to make its way to viewers at home dear to sheer

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volume and because it puts so much load on comcast comcast asked cogent to start

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paying for access to its network as previously the two were connected by a

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settlement free peering when cogent said lol no comcast fired back by essentially

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allowing all that traffic at the interconnection point to bottleneck and

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guess what customers got choppy video until the two companies decided to bury

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the hatchet but in the meantime netflix went straight to comcast for a better

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deal and paid for the privilege of hooking up its servers directly to

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comcast's network obviating some of the need to buy transit from tier 1 cogent

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there have actually been a number of instances of peering shenanigans over the years whether it be from one side's

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infrastructure not being up to scratch or business disputes such as the netflix

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example we just discussed but if you're faced with slowdowns at home because of

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peering problems you can try using a vpn and if that doesn't work well there's

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not much else you can do other than wait for the problem to get resolved or just

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switch isps because you know what we all have plenty of those to choose from

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right

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