thanks for watching tech wiki click the subscribe button then enable
notifications with the Bell icon so you won't miss any future videos all cameras
big and small work on the same fundamental principle light going
through the lens and hitting a sensor where it gets processed and converted
into the image you see on your screen with more light generally meaning better
image quality that's why bulky DSLR and
mirrorless cameras with their big interchangeable lenses and their larger
sensors are the weapon of choice for professional photographers so given that
the sensors inside smartphone cameras haven't actually increased much in size
since they were debuted by sharp almost two decades ago how can their image
quality be so much better today than it was then well one big improvement is in
the number of receptor sites on the sensor which is typically measured in
millions of pixels or megapixels improvements in microscale manufacturing
have allowed manufacturers to cram many times more of these onto your camera's
sensor and the more of them you have the more light samples can be collected
giving you a finer image there are at least two a point as you can learn more
about in this episode adding more megapixels stops helping and can even
hinder image quality past a certain point so there's got to be more to it
and there is from our previous episode
explaining aperture you might know that every lens has a rating or a range of
rating in f-stops the lower the f-stop
the wider it can open up and the more light can pass through this will improve
image quality especially in situations where there isn't much ambient light
like in the club but another aspect of
the lens that isn't so easy to read off of a spec sheet is its composition in
the early days of cell phone cameras cheap plastic or composite lenses were
used not only were they less clear and more likely to distort the light passing
through them blurring the image they were much more prone to scratching even
against the materials in your pocket meaning that over time your camera's
performance would degrade modern lenses by contrast are engineering marvels
crafted from exotic materials like sapphire glass with multiple carefully
engineered elements in them for much better clarity and with some extra
tricks as well back to our club shop for a minute one of the ways to get around
low-light conditions is to simply leave the shutter open for longer allowing it
to capture more of those precious photons but I'm sure I'm not the only
one who's tried to quickly snap a pic of something dark only to realize that it's
crazy blurry well one trick of modern lenses to compensate for handshake under
darker conditions is to use gyroscopes data combined with electromagnets around
the lens to help your phone camera stay still this is called optical image
stabilization of course no one would
want a crystal-clear image if it looked like this let's talk about dynamic range
in a nutshell if your dynamic range is poor it will cause bright areas to be
blown out and dark areas to lose detail
or crush some newer smartphones compensate for this though by saving
multiple frames at different exposure levels every time you press the shutter
button then they can analyze these
frames and average them in a way that minimizes blur and noise algorithmically
a little like mixing strong and weak coffee to make something that's
drinkable of course that leads us perfectly into another improvement
faster processors modern phone s o C's
not only have better CPUs and GPUs in them allowing them to quickly perform
the functions I just mentioned and provide further assistance to optically
stabilized lenses even at high speed in burst modes or while recording slow
motion video but some of them even have specialized Hardware usually branded as
a neural processor or AI processor that
can be trained to identify the subject of the video or photo adjusting the
color processing to best capture the shooters intent which leads us perfectly
then to focus we've all seen it a gorgeous detailed shot of the wall
behind your friend traditional phone cameras relied on the contrast detection
to directly focus on the subject of a photo which means that they used
brightness differences in the scene to determine where to focus this is an
inexact science at best more advanced
modern phones can use the phase detection a technique which analyzes how
the left and right sides of the lens see
slightly different images to decide on
the focus with some of them also using infrared lasers that fire at the object
of a photo to determine the distance similar to a police radar gap on the
subject of depth detection to an increasing number of phones recently are
using two cameras or even more with at
least one of them being equipped with a wider lens not only does this allow for
otherwise impossible wide-angle shots because at this point anyway you can't
change out the lens on a smartphone but it also enables much easier depth
sensing meaning that these phones can simulate depth of field or bokeh effects
for an artistic and dramatic blurred background cool then right so with all
this technology jam-packed into our phones why even buy a separate digital
camera well because it's important to remember that some of the awesome
results that you see with smartphone cameras are due to approximations for
example the depth of field effect on a modern smartphone is applied in software
at the point where the phone thinks the focus should change that means that
under anything but ideal conditions your mileage may vary significantly
also since the sensors inside phones are
still quite small they continue to struggle in low-light because they
simply can't see enough photons to make
a good looking image in many cases combine that with the inability to put
even a decent optical zoom on a phone without making it quite a bit fatter and
it suddenly all makes sense why professionals still use traditional
cameras even so though for things like casual shots of your kids and drone
footage phone cameras have become an incredibly powerful and versatile tool
especially important for the your era
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