{"video_id":"GPy5Rm77wPk","title":"How Do PCs and Phones Set Their Own Clocks?","channel":"Techquickie","show":"Techquickie","published_at":"2019-05-06T14:58:16Z","duration_s":349,"segments":[{"start_s":0.08,"end_s":5.2,"text":"thanks for watching techwiki click the subscribe button then enable","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":3.2,"end_s":9.92,"text":"notifications with the bell icon so you won't miss any future videos remember","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":7.52,"end_s":13.679,"text":"when every time you had a power outage you had to go through this frustration","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":11.92,"end_s":17.92,"text":"where you had to reset the time on your vcr and somehow no one in the house","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":15.839,"end_s":21.439,"text":"could figure out how to do it no no no one else remember maybe i'm just getting","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":19.119,"end_s":27.119,"text":"old anyway those days are mostly a memory now as gadgets like computers and","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":23.68,"end_s":28.56,"text":"smartphones can set the time themselves","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":27.119,"end_s":31.84,"text":"either because engineers thought it would be a useful feature or maybe","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":30.16,"end_s":37.68,"text":"because they don't trust us to adjust the clocks ourselves after setting up","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":34.399,"end_s":40.64,"text":"the vcr somehow became a meme like","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":37.68,"end_s":44.48,"text":"before the internet but how exactly do they do this let's start out by talking","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":42.8,"end_s":48.96,"text":"about phones which perhaps unsurprisingly receive a time signal","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":46.879,"end_s":54.079,"text":"from the cellular network so you can easily check to see if this feature is","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":50.8,"end_s":55.52,"text":"turned on here in Android and here in","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":54.079,"end_s":61.12,"text":"iOS however if you're using a Windows pc","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":58.399,"end_s":65.6,"text":"it's actually set by default to fetch the time every so often from an internet","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":64.239,"end_s":68.56,"text":"time server pretty straightforward sounding right","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":67.84,"end_s":73.92,"text":"but where exactly do these sources get their","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":71.119,"end_s":78.56,"text":"time frame is there like a gigantic master clock somewhere that's even","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":76.479,"end_s":83.119,"text":"bigger than big ben like kind of like the the linksys router for the internet","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":80.96,"end_s":88.24,"text":"in south park that was an old episode too boy i'm getting old surprisingly the","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":85.36,"end_s":93.2,"text":"answer is actually sort of most time servers and cell networks ultimately get","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":90.64,"end_s":98.64,"text":"their time from atomic clocks because they are incredibly accurate thanks to","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":95.52,"end_s":100.64,"text":"having virtually no drift for example if","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":98.64,"end_s":105.119,"text":"you've got a cheap quartz wrist watch and you set it accurately you can expect","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":102.96,"end_s":109.68,"text":"it to perhaps be off by a few seconds a month later it's not perfect but it's","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":107.2,"end_s":114.479,"text":"not too bad but if you're building a clock that's supposed to be the standard","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":111.92,"end_s":118.96,"text":"for millions of devices worldwide that just ain't going to cut it instead","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":116.96,"end_s":124.0,"text":"atomic clocks work by you guessed it using the properties of","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":121.119,"end_s":130.399,"text":"individual atoms to keep time so the us government's main pair of atomic clocks","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":126.0,"end_s":132.48,"text":"called nistf1 and f2 use atoms of cesium","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":130.399,"end_s":135.36,"text":"a metal that actually melts on a warm summer's day as their timekeeping","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":134.319,"end_s":139.84,"text":"mechanism these atoms get bombarded with","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":137.44,"end_s":144.08,"text":"microwaves which cause the electrons buzzing around these atoms to become","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":141.76,"end_s":147.36,"text":"excited or to change energy states if you think back to high school chemistry","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":145.52,"end_s":152.239,"text":"which boy was a long time ago for me and these state changes happen billions of","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":149.68,"end_s":156.4,"text":"times per second in fact a cesium atom will oscillate a fixed number of times","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":154.48,"end_s":160.959,"text":"every second this many exactly","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":157.76,"end_s":164.239,"text":"because every atom of pure cesium 133 is","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":160.959,"end_s":167.2,"text":"the same this electron jumping behavior","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":164.239,"end_s":172.319,"text":"is very consistent and predictable to the point where the scientific","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":168.879,"end_s":174.879,"text":"definition of a second isn't 1 60 of a","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":172.319,"end_s":178.8,"text":"minute but rather the amount of time it takes a cesium atom to oscillate this","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":177.36,"end_s":184.159,"text":"many times this consistency makes atomic clocks","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":181.2,"end_s":189.76,"text":"extremely accurate so the nist f2 clock is accurate to one second in","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":187.08,"end_s":193.519,"text":"300 million years so if you were to sync up your dvr to it you could still be","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":191.84,"end_s":197.76,"text":"confident that it will record the super bowl at the right time in a few million","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":195.68,"end_s":202.08,"text":"years when the nfl has finally given up on using roman numerals and the awesome","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":200.0,"end_s":206.319,"text":"thing is that tapping into the power of these clocks is so easy if you're using","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":204.48,"end_s":211.84,"text":"Windows your date and time settings actually has a spot for you to punch in","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":208.8,"end_s":213.92,"text":"a network time protocol or ntp server","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":211.84,"end_s":218.239,"text":"that will pull the time from an atomic clock or you can connect a little more","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":216.48,"end_s":223.68,"text":"directly to the united states atomic clock system by selecting time.nist.gov","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":221.84,"end_s":228.239,"text":"from the drop down menu meanwhile cellular networks often grab","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":226.159,"end_s":232.799,"text":"the time from gps satellites which have their own built-in atomic clocks and","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":230.64,"end_s":236.239,"text":"then pass them along to your phone and then if you're going somewhere where you","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":234.159,"end_s":240.239,"text":"won't have service you can actually even download apps that can connect your","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":237.68,"end_s":244.159,"text":"phone directly to the gps so that you can run on atomic time although","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":242.4,"end_s":248.959,"text":"obviously this would be more of a battery hog finally surprisingly even","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":247.04,"end_s":252.4,"text":"some traditional clocks and watches can receive special radio signals from","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":250.64,"end_s":257.84,"text":"stations around the world that are dedicated to just broadcasting atomic","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":255.439,"end_s":262.24,"text":"time but do remember that because of network latency and other types of","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":259.359,"end_s":267.52,"text":"overhead the time on your pc phone or watch might not match the atomic clocks","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":264.72,"end_s":271.44,"text":"exactly so the next time you show up 50 milliseconds late for work and your boss","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":269.44,"end_s":275.759,"text":"is razzing you you can just you can just blame it on bad reception speaking of","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":273.68,"end_s":279.68,"text":"bad you know what's bad not having a repair kit from ifixit ifixit loves to","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":278.32,"end_s":283.199,"text":"teach people how to take their stuff apart fix it and put it back together","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":281.84,"end_s":287.199,"text":"and they are leading the charge in the electronics repair tools industry with","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":285.04,"end_s":292.479,"text":"their iconic black and blue protect tool kit and it's now only 59.95 it's got a","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":290.32,"end_s":296.88,"text":"ton of features it's compact and easy to store it's got their 64-bit driver kit","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":294.88,"end_s":300.56,"text":"with a wide variety of plastic opening tools spudgers and picks so you can","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":298.4,"end_s":304.479,"text":"safely poke and pry it's got a suction cup with a new fancy handle to remove","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":302.479,"end_s":308.639,"text":"display assemblies it's got their own rubber handle jimmy pry tool and the sd","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":306.72,"end_s":311.919,"text":"safe tweezers and all the tools are backed by ifixit's lifetime warranty one","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":310.72,"end_s":315.84,"text":"of the coolest things is that you don't even need to buy something to get access","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":313.759,"end_s":321.36,"text":"to ifixit's free repair resources you can check out over 25 000 free repair","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":318.4,"end_s":326.88,"text":"guides over at ifixit.com and go to ifixit.com techwiki to snag the fully","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":324.08,"end_s":330.16,"text":"loaded protect tool kit now only 59.95 left that linked below","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":328.479,"end_s":333.36,"text":"so thanks for watching guys like dislike check out our other channels videos","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":331.84,"end_s":339.199,"text":"videos sorry for some reason we changed that leave a comment with a video suggestion if you have any and don't","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":336.16,"end_s":342.0,"text":"forget to subscribe and follow","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":339.199,"end_s":346.0,"text":"and the bell icon smash it smash it","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":344.32,"end_s":349.919,"text":"but don't destroy it we need to still work just maybe crack it yeah","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0}],"full_text":"thanks for watching techwiki click the subscribe button then enable notifications with the bell icon so you won't miss any future videos remember when every time you had a power outage you had to go through this frustration where you had to reset the time on your vcr and somehow no one in the house could figure out how to do it no no no one else remember maybe i'm just getting old anyway those days are mostly a memory now as gadgets like computers and smartphones can set the time themselves either because engineers thought it would be a useful feature or maybe because they don't trust us to adjust the clocks ourselves after setting up the vcr somehow became a meme like before the internet but how exactly do they do this let's start out by talking about phones which perhaps unsurprisingly receive a time signal from the cellular network so you can easily check to see if this feature is turned on here in Android and here in iOS however if you're using a Windows pc it's actually set by default to fetch the time every so often from an internet time server pretty straightforward sounding right but where exactly do these sources get their time frame is there like a gigantic master clock somewhere that's even bigger than big ben like kind of like the the linksys router for the internet in south park that was an old episode too boy i'm getting old surprisingly the answer is actually sort of most time servers and cell networks ultimately get their time from atomic clocks because they are incredibly accurate thanks to having virtually no drift for example if you've got a cheap quartz wrist watch and you set it accurately you can expect it to perhaps be off by a few seconds a month later it's not perfect but it's not too bad but if you're building a clock that's supposed to be the standard for millions of devices worldwide that just ain't going to cut it instead atomic clocks work by you guessed it using the properties of individual atoms to keep time so the us government's main pair of atomic clocks called nistf1 and f2 use atoms of cesium a metal that actually melts on a warm summer's day as their timekeeping mechanism these atoms get bombarded with microwaves which cause the electrons buzzing around these atoms to become excited or to change energy states if you think back to high school chemistry which boy was a long time ago for me and these state changes happen billions of times per second in fact a cesium atom will oscillate a fixed number of times every second this many exactly because every atom of pure cesium 133 is the same this electron jumping behavior is very consistent and predictable to the point where the scientific definition of a second isn't 1 60 of a minute but rather the amount of time it takes a cesium atom to oscillate this many times this consistency makes atomic clocks extremely accurate so the nist f2 clock is accurate to one second in 300 million years so if you were to sync up your dvr to it you could still be confident that it will record the super bowl at the right time in a few million years when the nfl has finally given up on using roman numerals and the awesome thing is that tapping into the power of these clocks is so easy if you're using Windows your date and time settings actually has a spot for you to punch in a network time protocol or ntp server that will pull the time from an atomic clock or you can connect a little more directly to the united states atomic clock system by selecting time.nist.gov from the drop down menu meanwhile cellular networks often grab the time from gps satellites which have their own built-in atomic clocks and then pass them along to your phone and then if you're going somewhere where you won't have service you can actually even download apps that can connect your phone directly to the gps so that you can run on atomic time although obviously this would be more of a battery hog finally surprisingly even some traditional clocks and watches can receive special radio signals from stations around the world that are dedicated to just broadcasting atomic time but do remember that because of network latency and other types of overhead the time on your pc phone or watch might not match the atomic clocks exactly so the next time you show up 50 milliseconds late for work and your boss is razzing you you can just you can just blame it on bad reception speaking of bad you know what's bad not having a repair kit from ifixit ifixit loves to teach people how to take their stuff apart fix it and put it back together and they are leading the charge in the electronics repair tools industry with their iconic black and blue protect tool kit and it's now only 59.95 it's got a ton of features it's compact and easy to store it's got their 64-bit driver kit with a wide variety of plastic opening tools spudgers and picks so you can safely poke and pry it's got a suction cup with a new fancy handle to remove display assemblies it's got their own rubber handle jimmy pry tool and the sd safe tweezers and all the tools are backed by ifixit's lifetime warranty one of the coolest things is that you don't even need to buy something to get access to ifixit's free repair resources you can check out over 25 000 free repair guides over at ifixit.com and go to ifixit.com techwiki to snag the fully loaded protect tool kit now only 59.95 left that linked below so thanks for watching guys like dislike check out our other channels videos videos sorry for some reason we changed that leave a comment with a video suggestion if you have any and don't forget to subscribe and follow and the bell icon smash it smash it but don't destroy it we need to still work just maybe crack it yeah"}