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whether or not you know how to code many of you have probably seen a few lines of

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a program written in a language like C python or Pascal which are all based on

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English and designed to be readable by humans to some degree but when you get

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right down to it the CPU that processes all of that code is just a hunk of

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silicon and the last time I had a conversation with an inanimate object I

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didn't feel like it had a whole lot to contribute to the discussion so how do

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CPUs actually take code that's expressed in letters and numbers and put things

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onto the screen that make sense to us carbon-based life forms well it first

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helps to realize that what we call code can actually refer to a number of things

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usually when people say code they're talking about source code which is the

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English or Chinese or whatever language you really want based set of

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instructions written in whatever programming language you like but after

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a programmer finishes writing a program in source code it needs to be further

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processed so that the CPU can actually understand it which is done by running

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source code through a special kind of program called a compiler that will

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check the code for errors and convert it into a CPU understandable form which is

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called object code or machine code the

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reason that a CPU can interpret machine code is because it's compiled in binary

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the series of ones and zeros that is the basis for all modern digital Computing

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but hold on a minute why can CPUs understand ones and zeros which are just

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another form of human readable information well they they can do this

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because those ones and zeros are really just representations of an electrical

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signal which is on or off machine code

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travels around the inside of your PC as a series of electrical pulses that

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correspond to each of one and zero that the compiler spits out and when these

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pulses hit your CPU a large number of things happen an average CPU has

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millions of transistors many of which serve as logic gates that open or shut

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depending if they're receiving an electrical impulse in other words

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whether they're receiving a zero or one logic gates will open and shut to

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manipulate machine code in very complex ways until the CPU spits out process

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data that travels to other parts of your computer although the principles behind

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processor design are immensely complicated you can think of the

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transistors inside of a CPU as beads on a really big Abacus these beads are

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arranged according to the processor's micro architecture denoted by code names

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such as Haswell Broadwell and ivybridge for Intel CPUs or bulldozzer Steamroller

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and pile driver for AMD chips however even with all these different

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architectures most modern applications will run on any of these processors

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because nearly any PC CPU is going to

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use the same instruction set which is just what it sounds like the set of

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binary instructions that the CPU can use to understand and execute current

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consumer CPUs for desktops and laptops virtually all use either the x86

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instruction set or the newer but backwards compatible x86-64 instruction

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set for 64-bit systems since so many

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different microarchitectures make use of the same instruction set the main

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difference between them is how quickly and efficiently different processors can

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execute those said instructions although a newer model Intel Core i7 and an older

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model Core 2 Duo can understand the same

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instructions the i7 is often going to be much much faster due to its radically

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different micr architecture it's a little bit like the difference between

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accelerating in a Maserati versus a Yugo

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both cars understand that pressing down the Gas Pedal means go but because the

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Maserati's different engine architecture it can execute the instruction much

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faster than a Yugo and suddenly you're being pulled over don't worry though

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you'll never get pulled over for overclocking your processor you might

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just avoid your warranty speaking of logical systems

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