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what gets FPS gpus what gets more FPS

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more gpus obviously everybody thinks so

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and manufacturers have been working on this technology since the late 90s so

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then what the heck happened to it I'm gonna let you know a little secret

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come here hide

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future now that might seem like a bold

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prediction given that NVIDIA just completely removes the multi-GPU links

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from their latest generation even on the premium workstation cards but there is a

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clear course set for better performance through multi-GPU Graphics Solutions and

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the most bizarre part is that it's Apple who ultimately did it to properly see

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where we're going sometimes we have to visit the past which is why we got our

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hands on this legendary piece of Kit the

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quantum 3D Mercury brick is an 8 GPU

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design from 25 years ago that has a lot

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more in common with your future gaming rig than you probably realize like you

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realize I'm about to tell you about our sponsor zoho1 unify all your business

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processes into one comprehensive platform and improve productivity with

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Zoho one you can lay all concerns about integration and compatibility to rest

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follow the link below for a free 30-day trial Our Story begins today with the

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quantum 3D obsidian 100sb-440v that Ross tregamba

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thoughtfully brought along when we shot our Voodoo 5 6000 video the name might

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not sound like much but it's a great example of something that the original

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3dfx Voodoo one was capable of even if

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it rarely did it dual GPU operation in

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this case on a single board now these ones were intended for desktop PCS but

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the primary purpose of cards like this was to drive arcade machines more on

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that later because first I want to talk about the brick this extremely rare

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piece of computing history uses a four card setup with each card equipped with

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two Voodoo 2 gpus that is eight gpus

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running all together on the same workload now I know what you're thinking

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that looks like it would have a tough time fitting in a PC that also needs

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dedicated cards for sound networking and yes 2D Graphics to run the desktop

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because the voodoo 2 was 3D only and

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you'd be right about that but again more on that later for now

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it's time to see this thing in action I was going to be the one to install the

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brick in this simulator chassis from 1999 but understandably the owner didn't

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trust me to do it without dropping it so um I didn't but we've got some b-roll of

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how it goes in it's wild I mean all four cards need to go into their own PCI

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slots then it's got to be wired up to a VGA out and in then it's got to be wired

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up to a VGA pass-through at the back of the chassis then these two cables are

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wired up to the back for a feature called swap lock that allows more than

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one of these than twenty thousand dollar

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machines to be utilized at once the rest

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of these specs are high end even if relatively mundane we've got dual

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Pentium 3500 megahertz processors what appears to be an Intel first party

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extended motherboard a mere 425 watt

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power supply from the legendary PC power and cooling we've got 256 Megs of RAM a

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gigantic sound card that's as big as some gpus today and then a ton of

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cooling is especially for the time dual 92 millimeter fans and then a couple

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more 80 mils that blow directly down onto the heatsinks over the gpus with

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this what looks very handmade shroud let's fire it up

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oh

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this is part of the simulator experience it needs to sound like it's taking off

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wait there's no event for those 80 millimeter fans

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they're just yeah it's got enough spacing in there for just okay all right

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Windows NT let's go we have a few options for things we can run we could

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play games on it which obviously is the first thing I would have done if I

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worked at a military installation in one of these showtimes how fast does it run

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halfway but we actually also have some simulator

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software cool it's so weird seeing a Sierra

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splash screen when you fire up half-life

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you mean valve right right about okay all the geometry what the what that

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stop stop buddy check out the pixelation

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whoa the first thing I noticed was that compared to the voodoo 5 6000 the frame

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rate is obviously lower what I didn't think to look at

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is house move it is what the

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this was possible in 1999

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I think that's functionally 16 times anti-aliasing this looks

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modern cleaner than modern

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it looks like a much higher resolution than it is that is wild

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like I'm specifically going out of my way to put these straight lines at just

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you know ever so slight an angle so that I can see the stairs

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it's just not there it really makes the crappy old texture stand out doesn't it

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oh yeah like if this had the horsepower to run modern games with modern

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resolution textures it would look so

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good

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blah blah

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blah blah got him it's Hardware level anti-aliasing okay that's pretty wild I

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think I do kind of need to see it without the hardware anti-aliasing then

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okay so how do you uh is that something you can change while the game is running

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yes oh no way yeah so no wait wait what

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so this is a Medusa cable uh-huh so it's got a 26 spin guy here two bgas so what

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we're gonna do is we're gonna bypass this by just plugging into one of the

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boards individually so in this case each board is a dual GPU GPU and the other

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three boards are just contributing to more anti-aliasing correct yeah so the

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bridge is basically combining the image it's basically four instances of voodoo

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to SLI okay basically what it is so I'll get the same FPS correct but it'll look

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like crap exactly

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we're both going pretty much the same place slightly different stages I can confirm

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anti-aliasing no longer working now it still looks smoother than it

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would on an LCD just because CRTs have they're not really pixels they're more

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like dots so they're they're not squared at the edges

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but you can really see the difference here oh look especially on objects that

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are farther away where the level of detail is lower like those picture

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frames yeah that's a big yikes

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and the shimmering as I'm moving back and forth that is a big difference not

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the kind of difference the average home user would pay for but a difference

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nonetheless let's try some simulation stuff it's a non-interactive right I

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guess I wouldn't have whatever control cockpit they would use for something

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like this

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and that is smooth

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60fps in 1999

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that's the thing we got to remember hold on I'm not I'm not done I'm not done

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checking out how smooth the terrain

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looks like yeah we're seeing that

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whether that's like a frame pacing issue or whether that's just a vsync issue

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isn't it pretty incredible how well the AAA Works in this thing

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anti-aliasing is unreal

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like look at these particle effects like yeah they're not amazing or

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whatever but they exist

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there's just no other way to put it this machine is mind-blowing but what's most

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mind-blowing about it at least to me is that the maker of the brick Quantum 3D

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still exists as a producer of simulation

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hardware and software if you remember the Evans and Sutherland Sim Fusion card

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that we looked at a couple of years ago these guys probably would have been in

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competition with that at some point going back to the days of the brick though they sometimes sold enhanced

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versions of 3dfx's single GPU cards to enthusiasts with extras like additional

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video memory and texture units but their main business was to act as 3dfx's

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arcade and simulation division until they were spun off as their own company

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in 1997. with that history it makes a lot of sense that they had the know-how

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to create Exotic Solutions like these out of voodoo gpus the first known use

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of a Quantum 3D card was Ice Home Run Derby in 1996 and a lot of high-profile

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games like San Francisco Rush would go on to use them too these were not cheap

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solutions ending up insist is costing anywhere from over a thousand to

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thousands to in excess of ten thousand dollars but while it would have been

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Unthinkable for a home user to spend more than a few hundred dollars on a

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gaming device at the time at the high end Quantum 3DS devices were used for

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military simulation and even down at the low end they could be expected to

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deliver tens of thousands of dollars of revenue for their owners quarter by

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quarter over the lifetime of the machine and it's that lifetime that was one of

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their big advantages because before Quantum 3D it was quite common for

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arcade games to use bespoke Hardware or

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at best a platform like the Neo Geo by

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comparison Quantum 3DS platform was more or less a PC in all but form factor

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which made changing over to a new game even one that requires a hardware

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upgrade much simpler and more cost effective than it had been in the past

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often game data was even stored on a bog

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standard IDE hard drive and because the Glide API that the gpus ran on was

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readily available and had a similar syntax to opengl games were much easier

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to prototype and develop then as now the hardware is only part of the battle and

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the real work is in making it easier for developers to get the most out of it and

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get the most out of it they did the additional power on tap from Quantum 3D

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cards could be used in one of two ways either as a traditional SLI setup where

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the additional GPU or gpus could be used

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to push resolutions or frame rates higher than they would be able to

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otherwise or as was common in the simulator space to have multiple cards

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generate the same image but with rotated

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anti-aliasing patterns this was a way for them to Output ridiculously smooth

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Graphics in the absence of resolution that was high enough to prevent aliasing

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that is how the Mercury brick would have been used and this was actually very

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important because in a simulator hard pixel edges can be very distracting

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unlike our new circuit desk pad on LTT Store stealthy AF now of course with the

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demise of 3dfx came the demise of SLI as the world knew it then but that didn't

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mean that companies like Quantum 3D and Evans in Sutherland were left without

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Hardware to sell multi-GPU development was seen as essential in the Sim Space

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and continued in Earnest even while there wasn't yet an official way to make

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it work for major players be they NVIDIA or ATI in fact Alienware even had a

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project in the works to run multiple gpus before New Age SLI and Crossfire

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came along when those Technologies finally hit the scene though multi-GPU

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came back to the masses in a big way with some very interesting

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implementations early Crossfire for example required a master GPU that

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stitched together the output from multiple gpus rendering different parts

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of the scene with an external dongle this method is called split frame

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rendering and is similar in concept to how old school SLI used to work it

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wasn't ideal though even aside from the hardware complexity this setup limited

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the maximum resolution there was also software Crossfire at the time which

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allowed dongle free operation directly over the PCI Express bus but PCIe wasn't

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as fast then as it is now and it was only really suitable for low end gpus

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newage SLI and Crossfire X meanwhile

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used Bridges between the Cards themselves which is actually quite

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similar to 3dfx's SLI the difference though was that rather than stitching

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together scan lines or quadrants of the screen the cards could communicate with

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each other over the bridge and divide up their work by each rendering alternating

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frames leading to you guessed it a

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return to multi-GPU cards like the GTX

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590 and Radeon 6990 even three-way and

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4-way configurations were possible using multiple Bridges these setups were

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gargantuan and power hungry but they represented the best performance you

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could get at the time and unlike in the past they were available to the general

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consumer now while it's obviously simpler to implement the alternate frame

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rendering approach unfortunately led to the micro stuttering that we became

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familiar with in the 2010s since each GPU might complete its frame in a

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slightly different amount of time the pacing of frame delivery could be all

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over the place resulting in impressive benchmarks but a really poor gaming

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experience some attempts were made to smooth out frame delivery NVIDIA for

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example released a high bandwidth version of the SLI bridge that allowed

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the cards to communicate more quickly but it just wasn't able to keep up with

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advancements in monitor technology both in terms of resolution and refresh rate

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these Niche projects were taking considerable resources from both AMD and

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NVIDIA that along with tepid enthusiasm from game developers who really prefer

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to Target the lowest common denominator ultimately led to the demise of consumer

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multi-GPU it's not that NVIDIA gave up without a fight though they actually

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quietly made an attempt to resurrect SLI in the RTX 2000 generation when they

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explored checkerboard frame rendering unlike split frame rendering we which

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would have both gpus contributing to each displayed frame but would often

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have an ugly scene down the middle CFR would divide the frame into small chunks

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for each card to render then composite the result into a single image in theory

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it could have been the best of all worlds and even avoid NVIDIA having to

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specifically optimize a given game for multi-GPU but they ultimately abandoned

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it for a few reasons first the processing overhead was significant

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which could increase latency and second DirectX 12's explicit multi-GPU model

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showed up around that time which handed multi-GPU control over to the game

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developer entirely offloading it from the driver which game developers

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obviously haven't done anything with but that doesn't mean the multi-GPU dream is

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dead and of all people it's Apple

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showing us the way you see the M1 series of socs has far more in common with our

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Quantum 3D brick than meets the eye have a look at these die shots and you'll see

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what I mean we could think of each of these GPU core blocks on the M1 Pro as

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similar to the GPU chips on our brick with a fast enough interconnect they can

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act as one to render a single output like we see in the M1 Max but then okay

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nothing that we're looking at here is really multi-GPU it's just a bigger

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single die GPU it's only when we move to the M1 Ultra

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that things get really interesting you see the 64 core GPU in the M1 Ultra acts

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for all intents and purposes like a single die solution but Apple disclosed

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in their launch event that is actually a dual die design that uses a

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game-changing packaging solution that they call Ultra Fusion so it's two gpus

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acting as one it's SLI but with

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absolutely none of the downsides how on Earth did they do it well you see the

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problem has always been the interconnect speed see traditionally once you go off

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a single die your bandwidth drops dramatically that's why NVIDIA couldn't

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achieve vram coherency across multiple cards via their SLI Bridges the links

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were just too slow it's also why tricks like split frame or alternate frame

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rendering have always been necessary they couldn't just pull together the GPU

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resources because the left hand would have no idea what the right hand was

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doing in real time but Apple did it and

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both AMD and NVIDIA have also talked

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publicly about the possibility of future GPU designs that use multiple chiplets

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with high-speed interconnects in order to economically scale performance it's

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coming back baby but how does this factor in well the thing is back in 1998

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the bandwidth requirements for inter-GPU

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communication weren't as high so your

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Ultra Fusion interface could look a lot more like this

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it's really funny isn't it how the more things change the more they stay the

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same just like I always do the same segue to our sponsor vessi it's

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springtime which means rain can still show up and ruin your day like an

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annoying neighbor but that's fine because hello we have Bessie shoes

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Bessie claims their shoes are 100 waterproof so we can go step into as

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many puddles as we want they're dymatex technology keeps their shoes light and

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breathable while still being stretchy and comfortable also all of their

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from some of this miserable weather don't forget to pack a pair of essies

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their stretchiness means they can easily pack into your luggage or carry-on rain

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or shine here or there it's always a great occasion to wear a pair of vessies

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mon frere go to vesi.com Linus Tech tips

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and get 15 off your purchase with code Linus Tech tips if you guys enjoyed this

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video go check out our coverage of the Evans and Sutherlands Sim Fusion 6500

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Cube for more multi-GPU Madness that

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thing is really cool
