{"video_id":"Akqx0F5-gs4","title":"I tried SO HARD to break this… - M1 Mac Mini 10-gig Ethernet","channel":"Linus Tech Tips","show":"Linus Tech Tips","published_at":"2022-05-05T14:53:29Z","duration_s":870,"segments":[{"start_s":0.359,"end_s":10.04,"text":"there we go 10 gig networking on an M1","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":3.8,"end_s":12.12,"text":"Mac Mini that's just wow or well maybe","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":10.04,"end_s":15.599,"text":"the thing is just because a port is present on your computer doesn't mean","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":13.719,"end_s":19.84,"text":"that it will operate at full speed and it certainly doesn't mean it will","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":16.96,"end_s":24.519,"text":"operate at full speed all the time USB for example is rated by the speed that","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":21.84,"end_s":29.679,"text":"is shared across multiple ports high-speed IO and SSD slots often share","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":27.76,"end_s":34.239,"text":"resources meaning that both of them will slow down if you use them simultaneously","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":32.16,"end_s":39.36,"text":"and in the early days of gigabit networking basically no motherboards","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":36.879,"end_s":44.0,"text":"could run those ports at full speed because they were connected to the","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":40.559,"end_s":47.239,"text":"lethargic PCI bus you know the old","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":44.0,"end_s":49.039,"text":"non-express PCI bus of course we only","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":47.239,"end_s":53.079,"text":"know these things because vendors like Intel publish block diagrams of their","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":51.079,"end_s":57.68,"text":"platforms to help us understand their capabilities apple on the other hand","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":55.719,"end_s":61.84,"text":"does No Such Thing meaning that if there are internal bottlenecks the only way to","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":60.32,"end_s":66.96,"text":"find out about them is to have your performance drop while you're in the middle of doing something that makes","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":65.159,"end_s":71.799,"text":"today's adventure interesting for two reasons one it'll tell us if Apple","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":69.84,"end_s":76.84,"text":"delayed this version of the M1 mini perhaps over performance concerns and","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":74.52,"end_s":82.119,"text":"two it might give us some fresh new insight into the black box that is","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":78.84,"end_s":82.119,"text":"Apple's M1","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":88.36,"end_s":95.68,"text":"so the M1 Max Mac Mini blew us away not just with its performance but also with","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":93.24,"end_s":101.28,"text":"its price it beat out every previous Intel Mac and single threaded benchmarks","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":97.88,"end_s":104.2,"text":"and ayzen 5 5600x one of the fastest","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":101.28,"end_s":108.64,"text":"singlethread desktop CPUs in the market all without breaking the bank it didn't","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":106.56,"end_s":114.119,"text":"have the cores to back that up in heavily multi-threaded tasks but so far","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":111.56,"end_s":117.799,"text":"that hasn't generated many if any user complaints thanks to m1's tight","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":115.68,"end_s":121.96,"text":"integration with macOS and of course the availability of the Mac Pro if you","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":119.399,"end_s":128.679,"text":"really need more horses what has generated complaints is the io with just","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":125.56,"end_s":132.16,"text":"two USBS two Thunderbolt ports and a","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":128.679,"end_s":134.08,"text":"single 1 GB Ethernet Jack m1's mobile","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":132.16,"end_s":139.519,"text":"pedigree seemed to be holding it back for people like me who love the CPU","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":136.8,"end_s":144.8,"text":"performance but need to work with heavy video footage or other shared resources","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":141.84,"end_s":149.959,"text":"over a network if one gig wasn't enough you had to use a bulky expensive dongle","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":147.64,"end_s":155.56,"text":"and use up one of your Thunderbolt ports or you had to buy into a deadend Intel","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":152.48,"end_s":159.0,"text":"platform which was so disappointing for","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":155.56,"end_s":160.959,"text":"me personally after seeing Apple push 10","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":159.0,"end_s":165.48,"text":"gig forward over the last few years first with the iMac Pro then with the","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":163.2,"end_s":170.8,"text":"Mac Mini but it turns out I just didn't have enough faith in my hand right now","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":167.76,"end_s":172.879,"text":"is a shiny new 10 gig version of the M1","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":170.8,"end_s":177.959,"text":"Mac Mini and we're going to be running I perf on it as a server to give us full","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":175.159,"end_s":182.879,"text":"control over what other ports or devices might be hogging PCI Express bandwidth","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":180.48,"end_s":187.799,"text":"causing potential bottlenecks so to start we're running an absolute best","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":185.36,"end_s":193.239,"text":"case scenario here with nothing plugged into it other than networking and power","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":190.64,"end_s":201.239,"text":"not even our display let's come over here and have a look that is dang that","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":197.879,"end_s":205.36,"text":"is pretty stable 9.25","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":201.239,"end_s":208.48,"text":"9.45 gigabits per second not too shabby","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":205.36,"end_s":210.56,"text":"cuz remember guys 10 gbit is the line","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":208.48,"end_s":214.959,"text":"speed and it's perfect ly normal for the actual data speed to be a bit lower","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":213.239,"end_s":220.439,"text":"what's not normal is the price for our 40 o water bottles on LTT Store.com","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":1},{"start_s":217.56,"end_s":223.92,"text":"they're the same as 21 Oz what a deal now let's up the ante and connect a pro","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":1},{"start_s":222.48,"end_s":229.76,"text":"display xdr but vus you might ask why would","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":227.799,"end_s":232.92,"text":"plugging in a monitor affect how much bandwidth is left over for something","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":231.72,"end_s":238.0,"text":"like high-speed networking I'm so glad you asked the M1","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":236.0,"end_s":242.84,"text":"Mac Mini is notable for being the first mini with DSC or display stream","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":240.48,"end_s":246.879,"text":"compression and what that does is it allows it to have enough leftover","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":244.48,"end_s":252.04,"text":"bandwidth to run the integrated USB 3 Hub on this monitor at full speed","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":249.799,"end_s":257.6,"text":"previous Intel-based Mac minis ended up running either not at the full 6K","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":254.48,"end_s":259.799,"text":"resolution or in an uncompressed tiled","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":257.6,"end_s":264.56,"text":"mode that some users have reported actually took this Hub and knocked it","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":261.799,"end_s":268.52,"text":"all the way back to USB 2 speeds that's because","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":265.72,"end_s":274.0,"text":"uncompressed this monitor will suck up about 34 gigabits per second of","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":271.44,"end_s":278.16,"text":"bandwidth to be clear I'm not actually expecting this to throttle our network","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":276.199,"end_s":282.32,"text":"speed it's just an excellent illustration of how a system has a","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":280.039,"end_s":286.6,"text":"finite amount of resources that needs to be carved up also now that we've got our","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":284.88,"end_s":291.68,"text":"display up you can see that the terminal on our mini matches our SSH session so","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":290.199,"end_s":296.52,"text":"no smoking mirrors here ladies and Gentlemen let's go ahead and again shall","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":296.919,"end_s":305.72,"text":"we and add as expected we are exactly","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":302.639,"end_s":307.12,"text":"the same I mean no computer manufacturer","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":305.72,"end_s":311.8,"text":"in their right mind would rate the speed of their ports assuming that no display","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":309.28,"end_s":316.919,"text":"is plugged in especially not a display they make","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":313.84,"end_s":319.639,"text":"right but we're going to kick things up","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":316.919,"end_s":324.199,"text":"a notch and to do so Anthony repurposed some of a shell script that he wrote","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":321.319,"end_s":328.68,"text":"previously that constantly writes data to an SSD and then spits out speed info","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":327.039,"end_s":335.6,"text":"at regular intervals for graphing purposes and and he targeted it at this","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":331.8,"end_s":338.16,"text":"high performance Thunderbolt SSD maybe","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":335.6,"end_s":343.84,"text":"with this thing running we'll finally start to see some bandwidth sharing in","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":340.319,"end_s":345.68,"text":"our I perf test all right Apple all","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":343.84,"end_s":350.759,"text":"right I'm impressed our SSD right now is pulling","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":348.56,"end_s":355.36,"text":"over 10 gbits per second in reads putting us darn close to the up to 40","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":354.0,"end_s":362.479,"text":"gbits per second number that's advertised for these ports but all that tells us so far is","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":360.68,"end_s":368.24,"text":"that the two Thunderbolt ports don't share bandwidth so let's continue","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":366.44,"end_s":373.88,"text":"remember the USB hub I mentioned on the back of the pro display xdr well we're","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":370.72,"end_s":376.319,"text":"going to load it up with USBC ssds we're","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":373.88,"end_s":380.16,"text":"going to run that SSD script on all three of these at the same time then","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":378.56,"end_s":389.199,"text":"we're going to run our Network test and see if we can make this poor Mac Mini","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":383.039,"end_s":391.8,"text":"cry and good news sort of our ssds did","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":389.199,"end_s":395.599,"text":"slow down that means we managed to find a","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":392.8,"end_s":399.919,"text":"bottleneck but it's in the USB hub of the pro display xdr which present us","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":397.479,"end_s":403.479,"text":"with a couple of problems number one that doesn't actually tell us anything","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":401.56,"end_s":410.28,"text":"about internal bottlenecks of the M1 Mac Mini and number two is we are fresh out","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":407.24,"end_s":412.28,"text":"of USBC ports to plug ssds","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":410.28,"end_s":422.0,"text":"into unless a Thunderbolt dock ah yes we need","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":417.16,"end_s":422.0,"text":"a Thunderbolt Dock and and more","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":422.44,"end_s":426.56,"text":"ssds we're going to plug all these in","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":425.44,"end_s":434.639,"text":"and then we're going to run the script on them and then see how you like that","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":429.72,"end_s":437.68,"text":"there we go five ssds plugged into the","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":434.639,"end_s":440.44,"text":"Hub and then for good measure an","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":437.68,"end_s":446.039,"text":"additional one another Thunderbolt 3 one plugged into the Thunderbolt daisy","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":443.039,"end_s":448.8,"text":"chain guys if that 10 gig Ethernet is","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":446.039,"end_s":455.16,"text":"stealing bandwidth from somewhere we are going to find it huh our pre-planning","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":452.72,"end_s":460.84,"text":"did not have this actually go down at all we figured it out one of the discs","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":458.599,"end_s":467.319,"text":"was not showing up properly and running the command to a missing Target was","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":464.159,"end_s":470.52,"text":"causing something um I don't know maybe","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":467.319,"end_s":472.759,"text":"some kind of CPU overhead anyway now","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":470.52,"end_s":477.72,"text":"that all the discs are showing up we are getting the results we expected which is","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":474.36,"end_s":480.44,"text":"anywhere from 9.3 to 9.42 gbit per","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":477.72,"end_s":486.36,"text":"second and this is even with all of the drives running the CPU usage while we're","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":483.44,"end_s":490.599,"text":"just doing this is around 18% and that's with the all the drives plugged in if I","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":487.919,"end_s":494.28,"text":"add that drive that's not plugged iner what's our CPU usage at now","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":496.72,"end_s":503.24,"text":"32 36 significantly higher","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":503.28,"end_s":510.8,"text":"interesting I didn't test this on the bench I didn't even expect this okay","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":508.08,"end_s":516.88,"text":"it's gone 40","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":512.599,"end_s":518.44,"text":"77 okay wow way to way to write a script","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":516.88,"end_s":523.719,"text":"that hurts computers when you do it wrong but while","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":521.24,"end_s":529.04,"text":"our side Adventure was interesting you know hey turns out runaway CPU usage is","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":526.64,"end_s":533.04,"text":"going to affect network transfer performance it wasn't really the point","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":530.839,"end_s":537.2,"text":"of the video today so let's refocus and talk about what we've learned so far","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":534.56,"end_s":543.04,"text":"there's a few things actually so one we now know that the 10 gig M1 is legit","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":539.44,"end_s":545.64,"text":"legit nonshared 10 gig no switch chips","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":543.04,"end_s":550.68,"text":"no controller hubs just a whole Gen 4 PCI Express Lane That's why nothing that","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":548.279,"end_s":554.6,"text":"we did was able to bottleneck it so clearly Apple's delay had nothing to do","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":552.64,"end_s":561.079,"text":"with performance and you can buy this puppy with confidence that's cool but","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":557.959,"end_s":563.0,"text":"we're not done diving deeper while our","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":561.079,"end_s":567.88,"text":"theoretical Max Speed when testing the drives individually works out to just","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":564.72,"end_s":570.56,"text":"over 58 gbits per second it capped out","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":567.88,"end_s":575.24,"text":"somewhere around 50 in the real world and that means that we did throttle","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":572.76,"end_s":579.279,"text":"somewhere the ssds connected to the pro display xdr were obviously going to","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":577.36,"end_s":585.399,"text":"throttle as they were being crowded by that chunky 13.7 GB per second display","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":582.12,"end_s":588.399,"text":"port signal but the Thunderbolt 3 hubs","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":585.399,"end_s":590.279,"text":"throttling is another story and this one","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":588.399,"end_s":596.0,"text":"comes primarily down to the fact that each Thunderbolt 3 Port appears to be","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":592.36,"end_s":599.839,"text":"capping out at around 20 to 22 gbits per","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":596.0,"end_s":602.24,"text":"second but hang on a second lonus said","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":599.839,"end_s":608.12,"text":"each of these ports could do up to 40 gbit per second and you said they didn't","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":605.399,"end_s":613.519,"text":"share bandwidth what gives okay so remember how our 10 gig","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":611.399,"end_s":617.959,"text":"Nick is expected to be less than 10 gbit per second in the real world well the","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":615.519,"end_s":624.16,"text":"same is actually true for Thunderbolt 3 USB 4 whatever the hell this thing is so","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":621.12,"end_s":626.64,"text":"around 7.6 gbit per second of that is","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":624.16,"end_s":630.76,"text":"set aside for DisplayPort which our Thunderbolt 3 doc has and then the rest","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":629.399,"end_s":637.12,"text":"of it gets eaten up by the signal encoding bringing us down to a theoretical maximum of only around 26","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":634.64,"end_s":639.959,"text":"gbits per second and that's close enough to our numbers that the difference","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":638.56,"end_s":644.48,"text":"probably comes down to the fact that we're going through busy hubs rather","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":642.12,"end_s":648.399,"text":"than attaching directly hence the wavy patterns on the graphs compared to the","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":646.12,"end_s":653.16,"text":"individual Drive results that means that if you've got applications that are","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":649.88,"end_s":655.36,"text":"sensitive to IO variants like audio or","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":653.16,"end_s":660.76,"text":"anything involving real-time data you would do best to directly attach or use","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":658.6,"end_s":665.72,"text":"only one high-speed device on a hub or dock at a time of course for most people","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":664.04,"end_s":672.399,"text":"this is academic and it won't make a difference in the real world well sort","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":668.48,"end_s":674.44,"text":"of because M1 is still IO limited and it","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":672.399,"end_s":678.04,"text":"has affected the port options on Apple's M1 products like for example the new","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":676.44,"end_s":684.68,"text":"iMac which we'll be reviewing so make sure you're subscribed the question just","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":681.0,"end_s":687.399,"text":"becomes how limited is it what it looks","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":684.68,"end_s":689.8,"text":"like is we've got two PCI Express Gen 4 Lanes going to Apple's Thunderbolt","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":688.92,"end_s":696.959,"text":"control which Steeps down to two Thunderbolt 3 channels then we've got one gen 4 Lane","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":694.2,"end_s":701.639,"text":"for the 10 gig Nick there's 10 gbits to go around for the type A ports so that's","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":699.68,"end_s":706.2,"text":"another Lane that is maybe shared with the Wi-Fi 6 adapter and then there's an","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":703.839,"end_s":710.959,"text":"HDMI port connected directly to the GPU via an internal DisplayPort to HDMI","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":708.48,"end_s":716.079,"text":"converter that's your IO four lanes accounted for we ran the io terminal","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":713.279,"end_s":720.0,"text":"command to try and find out for sure but while it does show device hierarchies it","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":718.2,"end_s":725.6,"text":"doesn't show how they're connected to the main system just that they are","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":722.32,"end_s":728.959,"text":"connected of course most PC systems have","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":725.6,"end_s":733.32,"text":"a lot more than four PCI Express Lanes","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":728.959,"end_s":735.88,"text":"surely M1 does as well then right well","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":733.32,"end_s":742.24,"text":"not necessarily you might think it would have another four lanes at least for its","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":738.0,"end_s":744.16,"text":"SSD but it doesn't remember how the t2","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":742.24,"end_s":748.6,"text":"chip that we loved so much was the storage controller for the final","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":745.519,"end_s":751.0,"text":"generation of Intel Max and then it just","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":748.6,"end_s":754.32,"text":"disappeared with the M1 well the reverse engineering effort for getting M1","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":752.48,"end_s":760.16,"text":"running on Linux has actually discovered that Apple wasn't kidding the M1 so has","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":757.6,"end_s":764.519,"text":"its security chip built right into it and it's controlling the SSD directly","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":762.639,"end_s":771.72,"text":"through some kind of memory map Arrangement not through PCI Express and","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":768.079,"end_s":774.16,"text":"you got to remember NVMe is a protocol","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":771.72,"end_s":779.56,"text":"so while we associate it with PCI Express it doesn't technically have to","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":776.8,"end_s":783.72,"text":"run over PCI Express all of which is to say then that the M1 Mac Mini is","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":781.76,"end_s":788.519,"text":"probably near the limits of what Apple can manage with the","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":785.16,"end_s":790.24,"text":"m1c but it's got far more IO than we","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":788.519,"end_s":793.6,"text":"initially gave it credit for cuz remember we haven't even accounted yet","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":792.0,"end_s":798.12,"text":"for whatever bus they're using for the internal GPU so the reason they held off","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":795.88,"end_s":803.92,"text":"on the 10 gig version was probably more to do with Logistics or strategy but","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":801.519,"end_s":809.48,"text":"whatever it was Apple has done a lot here with little and that's pretty","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":807.36,"end_s":813.68,"text":"admirable kind of like how Apple used to be back in the good old days and kind of","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":811.56,"end_s":817.519,"text":"like my Segways to sponsors like Microcenter get the best prices and best","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":1},{"start_s":815.92,"end_s":821.72,"text":"selection on computer hardware and everything else technology at any one of","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":1},{"start_s":819.399,"end_s":825.959,"text":"microcenter's 25 locations across the United States microcenter's custom PC","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":1},{"start_s":824.32,"end_s":830.0,"text":"Builder will help you spec out the best PC for your budget by making sure all","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":1},{"start_s":828.0,"end_s":833.399,"text":"your parts are compatible finding stock that's available at your nearest Micro","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":1},{"start_s":831.399,"end_s":836.959,"text":"Center location making it so you can just add it to your cart and arrange","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":1},{"start_s":835.12,"end_s":840.16,"text":"same day in store pickup for a fee you can check the box marked same day Pro","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":1},{"start_s":838.56,"end_s":843.92,"text":"assembly to have a Microcenter expert technician assemble the PC for you and","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":1},{"start_s":842.279,"end_s":847.759,"text":"if you want help deciding what parts to put in your new custom gaming PC just","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":1},{"start_s":845.92,"end_s":851.48,"text":"join the new online Microcenter Community it's a great place to talk","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":1},{"start_s":849.399,"end_s":854.519,"text":"Tech with other enthusiasts check out the link in the description for a free","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":1},{"start_s":852.959,"end_s":859.04,"text":"pair of wireless bluetooth headphones valid instore only no purchase necessary","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":1},{"start_s":857.399,"end_s":863.399,"text":"so thanks for watching guys check out our review of the M1 Mac Mini when it","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":860.959,"end_s":867.48,"text":"first launched to get just a little bit more of an appreciation for how much of","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0},{"start_s":865.199,"end_s":871.04,"text":"a game changer this modest piece of silicon could be","speaker":null,"is_sponsor":0}],"full_text":"there we go 10 gig networking on an M1 Mac Mini that's just wow or well maybe the thing is just because a port is present on your computer doesn't mean that it will operate at full speed and it certainly doesn't mean it will operate at full speed all the time USB for example is rated by the speed that is shared across multiple ports high-speed IO and SSD slots often share resources meaning that both of them will slow down if you use them simultaneously and in the early days of gigabit networking basically no motherboards could run those ports at full speed because they were connected to the lethargic PCI bus you know the old non-express PCI bus of course we only know these things because vendors like Intel publish block diagrams of their platforms to help us understand their capabilities apple on the other hand does No Such Thing meaning that if there are internal bottlenecks the only way to find out about them is to have your performance drop while you're in the middle of doing something that makes today's adventure interesting for two reasons one it'll tell us if Apple delayed this version of the M1 mini perhaps over performance concerns and two it might give us some fresh new insight into the black box that is Apple's M1 so the M1 Max Mac Mini blew us away not just with its performance but also with its price it beat out every previous Intel Mac and single threaded benchmarks and ayzen 5 5600x one of the fastest singlethread desktop CPUs in the market all without breaking the bank it didn't have the cores to back that up in heavily multi-threaded tasks but so far that hasn't generated many if any user complaints thanks to m1's tight integration with macOS and of course the availability of the Mac Pro if you really need more horses what has generated complaints is the io with just two USBS two Thunderbolt ports and a single 1 GB Ethernet Jack m1's mobile pedigree seemed to be holding it back for people like me who love the CPU performance but need to work with heavy video footage or other shared resources over a network if one gig wasn't enough you had to use a bulky expensive dongle and use up one of your Thunderbolt ports or you had to buy into a deadend Intel platform which was so disappointing for me personally after seeing Apple push 10 gig forward over the last few years first with the iMac Pro then with the Mac Mini but it turns out I just didn't have enough faith in my hand right now is a shiny new 10 gig version of the M1 Mac Mini and we're going to be running I perf on it as a server to give us full control over what other ports or devices might be hogging PCI Express bandwidth causing potential bottlenecks so to start we're running an absolute best case scenario here with nothing plugged into it other than networking and power not even our display let's come over here and have a look that is dang that is pretty stable 9.25 9.45 gigabits per second not too shabby cuz remember guys 10 gbit is the line speed and it's perfect ly normal for the actual data speed to be a bit lower what's not normal is the price for our 40 o water bottles on LTT Store.com they're the same as 21 Oz what a deal now let's up the ante and connect a pro display xdr but vus you might ask why would plugging in a monitor affect how much bandwidth is left over for something like high-speed networking I'm so glad you asked the M1 Mac Mini is notable for being the first mini with DSC or display stream compression and what that does is it allows it to have enough leftover bandwidth to run the integrated USB 3 Hub on this monitor at full speed previous Intel-based Mac minis ended up running either not at the full 6K resolution or in an uncompressed tiled mode that some users have reported actually took this Hub and knocked it all the way back to USB 2 speeds that's because uncompressed this monitor will suck up about 34 gigabits per second of bandwidth to be clear I'm not actually expecting this to throttle our network speed it's just an excellent illustration of how a system has a finite amount of resources that needs to be carved up also now that we've got our display up you can see that the terminal on our mini matches our SSH session so no smoking mirrors here ladies and Gentlemen let's go ahead and again shall we and add as expected we are exactly the same I mean no computer manufacturer in their right mind would rate the speed of their ports assuming that no display is plugged in especially not a display they make right but we're going to kick things up a notch and to do so Anthony repurposed some of a shell script that he wrote previously that constantly writes data to an SSD and then spits out speed info at regular intervals for graphing purposes and and he targeted it at this high performance Thunderbolt SSD maybe with this thing running we'll finally start to see some bandwidth sharing in our I perf test all right Apple all right I'm impressed our SSD right now is pulling over 10 gbits per second in reads putting us darn close to the up to 40 gbits per second number that's advertised for these ports but all that tells us so far is that the two Thunderbolt ports don't share bandwidth so let's continue remember the USB hub I mentioned on the back of the pro display xdr well we're going to load it up with USBC ssds we're going to run that SSD script on all three of these at the same time then we're going to run our Network test and see if we can make this poor Mac Mini cry and good news sort of our ssds did slow down that means we managed to find a bottleneck but it's in the USB hub of the pro display xdr which present us with a couple of problems number one that doesn't actually tell us anything about internal bottlenecks of the M1 Mac Mini and number two is we are fresh out of USBC ports to plug ssds into unless a Thunderbolt dock ah yes we need a Thunderbolt Dock and and more ssds we're going to plug all these in and then we're going to run the script on them and then see how you like that there we go five ssds plugged into the Hub and then for good measure an additional one another Thunderbolt 3 one plugged into the Thunderbolt daisy chain guys if that 10 gig Ethernet is stealing bandwidth from somewhere we are going to find it huh our pre-planning did not have this actually go down at all we figured it out one of the discs was not showing up properly and running the command to a missing Target was causing something um I don't know maybe some kind of CPU overhead anyway now that all the discs are showing up we are getting the results we expected which is anywhere from 9.3 to 9.42 gbit per second and this is even with all of the drives running the CPU usage while we're just doing this is around 18% and that's with the all the drives plugged in if I add that drive that's not plugged iner what's our CPU usage at now 32 36 significantly higher interesting I didn't test this on the bench I didn't even expect this okay it's gone 40 77 okay wow way to way to write a script that hurts computers when you do it wrong but while our side Adventure was interesting you know hey turns out runaway CPU usage is going to affect network transfer performance it wasn't really the point of the video today so let's refocus and talk about what we've learned so far there's a few things actually so one we now know that the 10 gig M1 is legit legit nonshared 10 gig no switch chips no controller hubs just a whole Gen 4 PCI Express Lane That's why nothing that we did was able to bottleneck it so clearly Apple's delay had nothing to do with performance and you can buy this puppy with confidence that's cool but we're not done diving deeper while our theoretical Max Speed when testing the drives individually works out to just over 58 gbits per second it capped out somewhere around 50 in the real world and that means that we did throttle somewhere the ssds connected to the pro display xdr were obviously going to throttle as they were being crowded by that chunky 13.7 GB per second DisplayPort signal but the Thunderbolt 3 hubs throttling is another story and this one comes primarily down to the fact that each Thunderbolt 3 Port appears to be capping out at around 20 to 22 gbits per second but hang on a second lonus said each of these ports could do up to 40 gbit per second and you said they didn't share bandwidth what gives okay so remember how our 10 gig Nick is expected to be less than 10 gbit per second in the real world well the same is actually true for Thunderbolt 3 USB 4 whatever the hell this thing is so around 7.6 gbit per second of that is set aside for DisplayPort which our Thunderbolt 3 doc has and then the rest of it gets eaten up by the signal encoding bringing us down to a theoretical maximum of only around 26 gbits per second and that's close enough to our numbers that the difference probably comes down to the fact that we're going through busy hubs rather than attaching directly hence the wavy patterns on the graphs compared to the individual Drive results that means that if you've got applications that are sensitive to IO variants like audio or anything involving real-time data you would do best to directly attach or use only one high-speed device on a hub or dock at a time of course for most people this is academic and it won't make a difference in the real world well sort of because M1 is still IO limited and it has affected the port options on Apple's M1 products like for example the new iMac which we'll be reviewing so make sure you're subscribed the question just becomes how limited is it what it looks like is we've got two PCI Express Gen 4 Lanes going to Apple's Thunderbolt control which Steeps down to two Thunderbolt 3 channels then we've got one gen 4 Lane for the 10 gig Nick there's 10 gbits to go around for the type A ports so that's another Lane that is maybe shared with the Wi-Fi 6 adapter and then there's an HDMI port connected directly to the GPU via an internal DisplayPort to HDMI converter that's your IO four lanes accounted for we ran the io terminal command to try and find out for sure but while it does show device hierarchies it doesn't show how they're connected to the main system just that they are connected of course most PC systems have a lot more than four PCI Express Lanes surely M1 does as well then right well not necessarily you might think it would have another four lanes at least for its SSD but it doesn't remember how the t2 chip that we loved so much was the storage controller for the final generation of Intel Max and then it just disappeared with the M1 well the reverse engineering effort for getting M1 running on Linux has actually discovered that Apple wasn't kidding the M1 so has its security chip built right into it and it's controlling the SSD directly through some kind of memory map Arrangement not through PCI Express and you got to remember NVMe is a protocol so while we associate it with PCI Express it doesn't technically have to run over PCI Express all of which is to say then that the M1 Mac Mini is probably near the limits of what Apple can manage with the m1c but it's got far more IO than we initially gave it credit for cuz remember we haven't even accounted yet for whatever bus they're using for the internal GPU so the reason they held off on the 10 gig version was probably more to do with Logistics or strategy but whatever it was Apple has done a lot here with little and that's pretty admirable kind of like how Apple used to be back in the good old days and kind of like my Segways to sponsors like Microcenter get the best prices and best selection on computer hardware and everything else technology at any one of microcenter's 25 locations across the United States microcenter's custom PC Builder will help you spec out the best PC for your budget by making sure all your parts are compatible finding stock that's available at your nearest Micro Center location making it so you can just add it to your cart and arrange same day in store pickup for a fee you can check the box marked same day Pro assembly to have a Microcenter expert technician assemble the PC for you and if you want help deciding what parts to put in your new custom gaming PC just join the new online Microcenter Community it's a great place to talk Tech with other enthusiasts check out the link in the description for a free pair of wireless bluetooth headphones valid instore only no purchase necessary so thanks for watching guys check out our review of the M1 Mac Mini when it first launched to get just a little bit more of an appreciation for how much of a game changer this modest piece of silicon could be"}