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glass is useful for many things like Windows vision correction and liquor

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bottles but it's not exactly known for its durability so a while ago we made a

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video explaining how manufacturers use toughened glass for gadgets like phones

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tablets and smart watches that need to be able to stand up to everyday drops

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and scratches you can check that video out up here but for today's video we're

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going to look at the improvements that have been made to this technology in

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2020 to do so we reached out to our friends at corning who control a huge

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amount of the smartphone glass market and we'd like to thank dr jamin amin

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their technology lead for his time and insight so obviously although toughened

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glass is a lot stronger than what they use in soda bottles it's still

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far from perfect and a roaring trade exists in repairing cracked phone

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screens so plenty of time and money are

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still being poured into developing ever tougher screen glass one of the

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fundamental concepts used in strengthening glass is ion exchange

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basically what happens here is that the glass is dipped into a bath of potassium

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salts heated to around 400 degrees celsius this causes potassium ions to

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take the place of smaller sodium ions that were already present in the glass

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because the potassium ions are larger it causes compressive stress which makes

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the microscopic structure of the glass stronger and less vulnerable to

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scratching or breaking but despite this process having been around for some time

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companies are still trying to find ways to improve it corning for example has

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recently announced a new gorilla glass product called victus which is supposed

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to provide drop protection from up to two meters or a little over six feet

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scratch resistance of up to seven to ten newtons and withstanding force of over

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one hundred kilograms in an area of less than two centimeters square before it'll

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break that is a lot more than you'll probably ever put on your phone unless

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of course you step on it or give it the people's elbow so

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how did they do it well part of the process involved going deeper into the

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glass to increase compressive stress like by giving the glass a second ion

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bath which allows for ion displacement further down into the glass than a

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single treatment corning is also starting the process with a stronger

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glass in the first place before ion displacement even begins although

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unfortunately many of the specifics as to exactly what chemicals and methods

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they're using are trade secrets they weren't exactly willing to share with us

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what we can tell you though is that it looks like gorilla glass won't be using

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sapphire glass which apple was once interested in anytime soon

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unlike more conventional glasses which are amorphous solids sapphire glass is

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crystalline meaning that it has a regular structure at the molecular level

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this makes sapphire glass very hard but also quite brittle which isn't exactly a

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quality that you want on phone glass for obvious reasons

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but then if victus glass isn't completely reinventing the wheel does

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that mean we can expect it on our devices very soon well samsung has already introduced one

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phone with the new glass so it shouldn't be long before it becomes more

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widespread but before you rush out and buy something new because you want a

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more durable phone there is one piece of inside baseball that you should know

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that phone manufacturers sometimes hide from the consumer

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toughened glasses are tested and rated at certain standard thicknesses and

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sometimes this is what phone manufacturers do in fact end up using

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but other times they might order a new generation of glass but ask to have it

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cut down to be thinner helping to meet consumer demand for light thin devices

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at the cost of taking away some of the glass's strength

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so if you see a phone that uses a new generation of toughened glass but lots

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of reviews that indicate that it might be fragile

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that could be the culprit or of course people might just be treating their

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phones like they're koosh balls speaking of balls if you're a ball and small

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techwiki so don't wait go check out freshbooks today thanks for watching

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