WEBVTT

00:00:00.080 --> 00:00:07.679
there are data centers at the bottom of the ocean I'm not crazy there's not very

00:00:05.720 --> 00:00:12.639
many of them this is still very much experimental but it's an idea that could

00:00:10.000 --> 00:00:17.720
revolutionize waste heat management which is something I think about a lot

00:00:14.639 --> 00:00:19.880
in 2015 Microsoft sunk its first

00:00:17.720 --> 00:00:25.400
prototype underwater data center off the coast of California and left it there

00:00:22.000 --> 00:00:27.960
for 2 months in 2018 they did it again

00:00:25.400 --> 00:00:35.040
they sunk an airtight metal storage tank with 864 servers and 27.6 pedabytes of

00:00:32.320 --> 00:00:41.320
storage near the Scottish orne islands 117 ft below the surface they declared

00:00:38.320 --> 00:00:43.800
that experiment a success after 2 years

00:00:41.320 --> 00:00:47.320
noting that the sealed server tank had an eighth of the failure rate of a

00:00:45.520 --> 00:00:51.719
conventional data center now as promising as these results are there are

00:00:49.440 --> 00:00:56.640
some obvious drawbacks to sinking a server in a large natural body of water

00:00:54.359 --> 00:01:00.199
using a data Center's waste heat to warm a local swimming pool is relatively easy

00:00:58.760 --> 00:01:04.839
in comparison because because we're dealing with a controlled artificial

00:01:02.079 --> 00:01:09.920
environment but humans aside from Jason Mamoa cannot control the ocean see the

00:01:07.880 --> 00:01:15.159
problem with the ocean is that it is incredibly deep and Incredibly salty

00:01:12.680 --> 00:01:19.880
like a goth girl with tret cards ocean water has a typical salinity of 3.5%

00:01:18.439 --> 00:01:25.840
compared to freshwater which has a salinity of 0.5% or less what this means

00:01:23.600 --> 00:01:30.799
is that saltwater is essentially an electrolyte solution which increases

00:01:28.119 --> 00:01:35.000
conductivity and chemically accelerates corrosion that's not an insurmountable

00:01:33.119 --> 00:01:38.680
barrier though because Humanity has a lot of experience protecting the

00:01:36.560 --> 00:01:43.040
submerged parts of metal watercraft through anti-corrosion Coatings like

00:01:40.799 --> 00:01:48.439
specialized paint active galvanic protection and colar enamel of course we

00:01:46.240 --> 00:01:53.000
could also use freshwater sources like relatively deep Lakes but the ocean

00:01:50.920 --> 00:01:57.439
being massive would allow us to implement sunken servers on a much

00:01:55.360 --> 00:02:01.799
larger scale you'd still need data centers to serve population centers

00:01:59.200 --> 00:02:06.680
further in land but around 40% of the global population lives within 100 miles

00:02:04.360 --> 00:02:11.440
of the coast which is nothing to sneeze at now another problem is that water is

00:02:09.319 --> 00:02:16.120
actually pretty heavy with every additional 100 ft below sea level we're

00:02:13.599 --> 00:02:19.480
piling on an extra three atmospheres of pressure but we're never going to put

00:02:17.760 --> 00:02:23.599
these data centers anywhere other than the relatively shallow continental shelf

00:02:22.200 --> 00:02:27.640
because we'd want them to be relatively close by fortunately a typical

00:02:25.760 --> 00:02:31.920
cylindrical storage container with thick metal walls can easily withstand the

00:02:29.840 --> 00:02:35.800
pressure of a few hundred ft of seawater these data centers also have to be

00:02:33.560 --> 00:02:39.440
reliably anchored in place to stop them from shifting you wouldn't be able to

00:02:37.440 --> 00:02:43.360
tell just by looking but there are strong currents deep underneath the

00:02:41.360 --> 00:02:47.200
surface not to mention that hurricanes can churn up water from hundreds of feet

00:02:45.280 --> 00:02:52.200
deep and sometimes wind up disturbing sunken wrecks on the seafloor the 2018

00:02:49.879 --> 00:02:57.159
Microsoft Data Center used a triangular base loaded with heavy ballist it also

00:02:54.680 --> 00:03:01.720
wound up coated in a layer of algae and colonized by C anemones after only 2

00:02:59.519 --> 00:03:06.400
years underwater animal interference isn't too much of an issue for a thick

00:03:03.560 --> 00:03:10.799
metal container but any cable leading to or from the container should ideally be

00:03:08.680 --> 00:03:15.799
wrapped in Kevlar and buried below the seabed to protect it from shark attacks

00:03:13.080 --> 00:03:20.200
oh that's not a joke for unclear reasons possibly related to sharks Electro

00:03:17.560 --> 00:03:24.120
receptive senses they occasionally Chomp on undersea cables but these are all

00:03:22.319 --> 00:03:28.200
solvable problems with current technology and the idea has enormous

00:03:26.319 --> 00:03:32.400
potential benefits we'll tell you more after we thank HRS for sponsoring this

00:03:30.239 --> 00:03:36.599
video improving your website's SEO can be a daunting task but it is vital to

00:03:34.760 --> 00:03:40.959
increasing visibility and to drive more traffic to your site hre's free Web

00:03:38.799 --> 00:03:44.599
Master tools help you monitor your SEO Health see keywords that bring you

00:03:42.799 --> 00:03:49.159
traffic and browse your website's backlink data you can also get automated

00:03:46.959 --> 00:03:53.040
email alerts that highlight key issues that need fixing check out hre's Free

00:03:51.239 --> 00:03:57.319
Web Master tools using the link below and improve your website's SEO

00:03:54.640 --> 00:04:01.920
performance today the primary advantage of syncing servers is consistent Rel

00:03:59.680 --> 00:04:06.280
relatively cheap cooling on the surface temperature and humidity vary from hour

00:04:04.000 --> 00:04:10.239
to hour the bottom of the ocean however has an extremely consistent cold

00:04:08.439 --> 00:04:15.120
temperature that's because deep bodies of water typically stratify by density

00:04:13.079 --> 00:04:18.759
which means that they also stratify by temperature so even though the surface

00:04:16.840 --> 00:04:23.720
of the water gets heated by the Sun and stirred by the wind that water rarely

00:04:21.400 --> 00:04:28.199
interacts with the layers of Colder denser water deep below when the server

00:04:26.120 --> 00:04:32.840
is surrounded by consistent low temperature water less additional energy

00:04:30.479 --> 00:04:38.600
is expended on the cooling process which is a cost and efficiency win but also a

00:04:35.919 --> 00:04:42.759
marginal environmental win likewise large data centers in major urban areas

00:04:40.759 --> 00:04:47.759
can cost a fair amount in rent because they compete for space with offices

00:04:44.720 --> 00:04:49.880
Industries and airbnbs data centers are

00:04:47.759 --> 00:04:53.960
one of the few business assets that could be relocated to the bottom of the

00:04:51.919 --> 00:04:58.440
ocean where they wouldn't really compete with fish so much as get gradually

00:04:56.199 --> 00:05:03.080
colonized by them if we were then able to leave these servers in place and not

00:05:00.880 --> 00:05:07.800
touch them for around a decade the disruption to the benic biome would be

00:05:05.479 --> 00:05:12.199
minimal these underwater data servers also take advantage of an idea that has

00:05:09.600 --> 00:05:17.919
been used on land sealing the servers in an airtight oxygen-free environment that

00:05:15.000 --> 00:05:22.919
is instead filled with a dry neutral gas like nitrogen nitrogen is less corrosive

00:05:20.280 --> 00:05:27.800
than oxygen and nonflammable increasing server longevity and preventing fires in

00:05:25.800 --> 00:05:32.240
these conditions the lack of on-site maintenance has a hidden advantage human

00:05:30.199 --> 00:05:36.800
machine interactions always have the possibility of bumps jostling and other

00:05:34.800 --> 00:05:41.400
forms of human error that increase the risk of accidental damage a much much

00:05:39.440 --> 00:05:45.840
lower failure rate means that with sufficient redundancy the server can be

00:05:43.479 --> 00:05:50.800
left in place with drives replaced only during scheduled turnover speaking of

00:05:48.160 --> 00:05:54.600
turnover my turn to speak is now over thanks for watching like dislike or

00:05:52.880 --> 00:05:57.759
check out this video on the history of water cooling feel free to comment below

00:05:56.280 --> 00:06:03.680
with video suggestions and don't forget to subscribe and follow Techquickie

00:06:00.000 --> 00:06:03.680
that's this channel