whether it's snapping pictures of a new family member to share on social media
recording footage to upload for co-workers or just taking a selfie for
fun with the girls having a night on the town it cannot be disputed that digital
photography has become standard to our modern way of living and while we take
for granted that pretty much anyone can produce a phone that is spilling over
with pictures of small humans and animals they adore have you ever stopped
to think what makes all of this possible well even if you did the answer is image
sensors and thanks to them we are now able to capture high quality photos and
videos more directly into a digital format for easy usage instead of going
through the cumbersome extra steps that we did historically you see kids back in
the days of the ancient Pharaoh cameras used a specialized light sensitive
plastic substance to capture images projected onto it through a lens known
as F excuse me film you took a roll of it to the local chemist who developed it
and gave you physical pictures which if you wanted to upload to your geoc city
site needed to be scanned in a scanner now instead of using film to capture
images today's digital sensors work hard to artificially mimic the transduction
process of a biological eye in order to do all of this in a much more simple
fashion well sort of simple transduction simply defined is the conversion of one
energy form into another and whether this comes as a result of an organic or
mechanical means is actually completely irrelevant so in the human eye rod and
cone receptors work in combination with gangan cells to convert photons into an
electrochemical signal which the occipital lobe in your brain can then
process in the case of an image sensor though photons are captured as charged
electrons in Silicon and converted to a voltage value through the use of
capacitors and amplifiers then later transferred into digital code which can
be processed by a computer while there are many ways of going about this most
sensors operate in a similar manner to one another with the big difference that
them being the way in which they process stimuli of these many types there are
two more readily available in mature forms of sensors CCD and camos charge
coupled device sensors work by registering Photon rays in Silicon which
contains a grid array of pixels after electron charges are captured in this
pixel array they are then processed from the bottom to the top of the grid into a
Serial shift register and pushed out a single charge at a time to be converted
into an analog volt that is then transformed into coding by
way of an analog to digital converter since these sensors operate by
processing charges individually across the lines of an array this system
utilizes a respectable amount of power to function but this also gives it the
benefit of being extremely low noise due to the minimized use of voltage
amplifiers often making them better for particular types of Photography such as
aerial or space this of course brings us
to complimentary metal oxide semiconductors which are the type type
of image sensor most commonly found in consumer grade products as I stated
earlier most image sensors operate in a generally similar fashion so what makes
these different from the CCD sensors just described is that instead of
shuffling electron charges along an array to then be modified extra
circuitry has been added to each pixel which allows it to do more or less all
of the processing individually with the signal then being sent directly down the
line to the CPU since there's no grid lock to be managed in this operation the
power usage is actually reduced simultaneously with the added benefit of
an increase in processing speed now while both of these sensor types have
done well and continued to develop in their own sort of respective specialized
Fields that's not to say that there isn't any room for future improvements
though modern sensors have been wise in taking their inspiration from biology
the processors which reconstruct the coded images sent to them have a ways to
catch up if they want to uh give our
brains a run for their money I mean you see the current answer to improving
image quality in electronics is to increase pixel counts and fine-tune
photo sensor sensitivities when the fact is that the eye that we use to sit in
Judgment of all this stuff is correctly focused and a whopping 2% of our visual
field or about twice the size of your thumbnail at Arms Reach meaning our
brain is doing a lot of the work at picking up the slack but unless we want
to resort to carrying around Xerox machines with us whenever we wish to
share are important images then they'll just have to serve Us in the
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